Year of Wonders

Year Of Wonders Essay 2 Whilst Anys and Aphra are minor characters, they despite everything assume a significant job in the novel, do you concur? Presentation: In the recorded novel The Year Of Wonders, Although the creator Geraldine Brooks depicts both Anys and Aphra as help characters, both Anys and Aphra assume a significant job in the novel, this will be investigated in three different ways, Anyss see on the male centric culture and how she impacts the town, Aphras significance in the town and her effect on Anna, and ultimately Anyss effect on rousing and instructing Anna.Anys Gowdie might not have a huge acting job in the novel however her quality in the novel makes up for that, Anys assumes a significant job in the town due to her mentality towards the man centric culture and her one of a kind perspectives on religion and on the men. In a period where ladies were living in a general public where they were smothered, uneducated and limited in their occupations, Anys and Mem exhi bit another type of ladies that are rising among the town of Eyam. They challenge the estimations of the period in a few ways.They are profoundly instructed in home grown medication, autonomous and non-adjusting to the shows of society. Specifically, the Gowdies feeling of uniqueness is the thing that permits them to add to decidedly affecting the town. Anys shows how Barber specialists Å"knew nothing of womens body  and how she does, just by being a lady. Creeks skirts on a thought of how rationale, science and autonomy (all followed by the Gowdies) permits one to be more grounded than the individuals who oblige themselves to strange notion and religion, therefore indicating us the significance of Anyss character in the novel.Anys Gowdie doesnt simply bigly affect the town of Eyam however Anys additionally assumes a significant job with her improbable fellowship with Anna. Anys rouses Anna to be a solid, autonomous lady. For it is Å"Truculent Anys  that Anna hears Å"whispering im patiently  in her ear as she attempts to convey the Daniels infant. Anna respects Anyss quality (Å"Why would I wed? Im not made to be any keeps an eye on asset, I have my work, which I love, I have my home-its very little, I award, yet adequate for my safe house, however more than these, I ave something not many ladies can guarantee: my opportunity, I won't daintily give up it ) and this thusly makes Anna more grounded. Å"she was an uncommon animal, Anys Gowdie, and I had to claim that I appreciated her for tuning in to her own heart as opposed to having her life governed by different shows. Without Anyss Å"guidance Anna wouldnt have accepted she could convey the infant alone. Aphra Bont is likewise viewed as a minor character however like Anys she despite everything assumes a significant job in the novel.Throughout the novel Aphra is viewed as an extraordinary complexity to Anna she is depicted as an inhumane brutal ladies and Annas see was Å"I was consistently a couple of hands before I was an individual, somebody to drudge after her babies  None the less Aphra was as yet a significant lady without her we wouldnt have seen the cruel breakdown of society which is appeared in the part ¦ ¦ where Aphras discipline is done by the irate and delicate towns individuals, Aphra is hurled into a cavern topped with pig fecal matter off to her nose and left there for a whole night, when she rises up out of the cavern she appears to have gone crazy, it is this side of Aphra that signals exactly how far the town has fallen since the diseases starting, this scene features Aphras significance in the novel. Anyway Aphra additionally assumes a significant job in the peak of the plot. Angrily (after her rotting little girls head tumbles off) Aphra cuts and slaughters Elinor with the very blade that kept Joss Bont adhered to the mine. This is a key scene in the novel, for it is this scene that begins Michael Mompellion down the way of discouragement, it is after this section Michael Mompellion loses his confidence and falls into a pit of hopelessness, which is appeared by his remark Å"untrue in a certain something, false in all things. This key scene stresses the significance of Aphras character.

Comparison Of Macbeth Essay Research Paper Comparison free essay sample

Examination Of Macbeth Essay, Research Paper Examination of Macbeth and Lord of the Fliess Macbeth is one of the supporter in a Shakespeare show # 8220 ; Macbeth # 8221 ; . Jack is other than a supporter in the novel # 8220 ; Lord of the Flies # 8221 ; . The accompanying exposition will outline the distinctions and similitudes of these two characters. There are five similitudes among Jack and Macbeth. Initially, they were both pioneer or some likeness thereof. Jack was a pioneer of an ensemble gathering while Macbeth was a co-pioneer of Duncan # 8217 ; s ground powers. Second, they were valiant. Jack was valiant, he went up to the highest point of the slope without anyone else and looked for the creature. Macbeth was climate too much, he won the contention in the start of the story. Third, they were both aspiring. Jack was the pioneer of the runing party in the start of the story, yet he needed to go the pioneer of the full gathering on the island. We will compose a custom paper test on Correlation Of Macbeth Essay Research Paper Comparison or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Macbeth needed to go the male ruler of Scotland in the wake of holding the discussion with the three enchantresss. Fourthly, the two of them turned out to be progressively coldblooded as they increased more force. After Jack framed his ain gathering and set up a cantonment on Castle Rock, he turned out to be more savage than prior. For Macbeth, he dithered multiple times before killing Duncan. Be that as it may, when he intended to murder Banquo and Macduff # 8217 ; s family unit, he didn # 8217 ; T delayed and murdered them without distress. Last, they were both odd. Jack was offbeat, he revered the Lord of the Fliess also, held a custom move around the cantonment fire in the wake of giving the hoard. For Macbeth, he had faith in the fortu ne connection of the three enchantresss. ( Quotation mark: All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis. All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor. All hail Macbeth, that ought to go male ruler here after. ) There are five contrasts among Jack and Macbeth. In the first place, their ages were extraordinary. Jack was a youthful while Macbeth was an adult with a hitched lady. Second, they have various terminations. Macbeth was murdered in the terminal of the story while Jack was safeguarded. Third, Jack slaughters to solidify his capacity while Macbeth putting to passings to progress his end. Jack # 8217 ; s end was accomplished in the focal point of the story, he needed to keep his control over others. For Macbeth, he needed to execute others so as to hold a chance to go male ruler of Scotland. Fourthly, Macbeth was underhanded in the start of the account while Jack was guiltless, yet he turned out to be progressively malicious as the story headway. Macbeth utilized his malicious head to be after all the slayings while Jack attempted to help the gathering out by arranging the runing party initially, however, he needed to slaughter Ralph along these lines. Last, no 1 can hurt Jack while individual had the ability to hurt Macbeth. Macduff slaughtered Macbeth in the strife of Dunsinane while Ralph had no capacity to hurt Jack. Ralph needed to fell when Jack turned into the pioneer of the island. In choice, Jack was acceptable in starting while Macbeth was abhorrent and barbarous. The two of them had a typical end, it was to get more force so as to go a pioneer. Avarice for force will results in barbaric treatment, fierce passings and in the end counter. _

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Career Resources at HBS

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Career Resources at HBS With the job market mixed for new MBAs these days, Harvard Business School (HBS) has put together an arsenal of resources to help students in their job search. Students begin by completing an online self-assessment program before they even arrive on campus. The CareerLeader tool, developed by a member of the HBS faculty, helps incoming students identify their life interests, professional skills and “work/reward” values. When they get to school, first-year students participate in a class that helps them interpret their CareerLeader results while discussing cases on the careers of HBS alumni. Later in the semester, but before official recruiting begins, students can attend Industry Weeks, which are on-campus programs and panels that provide overviews of a variety of industries and address how to plan a successful industry-specific job search. These are taught by career coaches, alumni, Career Services staff members and company representatives. First years can also join Career Teams , which are small groups of first-year students who use exercisesâ€"facilitated by trained second-year leadersâ€"to help identify and advance toward their professional goals. Students may also arrange to meet with one of 35 career coaches for one-on-one guidance or take advantage of one of the many student clubs that help prepare their members for interviews. Clearly, HBS is committed to helping its students not just find jobs, but find the right jobs. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at HBS or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Harvard University (Harvard Business School)

The sacrificial Egg Essays - 1042 Words

Chinua Achebe’s short story â€Å"The sacrificial Egg† illustrates the life of a young African native Julius Obi, and the arising conflicts between two cultures. This short story takes place in a very small village in Africa, called Umuru in the mid 1900’s. This young African Native, although no native of Umuru finds himself trapped between his own culture, beliefs and the westernized culture. Although Julius has embraced the western culture, after certain events he eventually finds himself coming back to his own beliefs. Achebe, uses these two very different cultures to demonstrate the clash it produces in this young men’s life and, how no matter how hard he has embraced the western culture he was always going to go back to his own beliefs.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was said that she appeared in the form of an old woman in the center of the market just before cock-crow and waved her magic fan in the four directions of the earth-in front of h er, behind her, to the right and to the left- to draw to market men and women from distant places.† This quote comes to show how these traditions and beliefs were once born in this village. It also shows that these traditions go far back to ancient myths. â€Å"The market, tough still called Nkwo, had long spilled over into Eke, Oye and Afo with the coming of civilization and the growth of the town into a big palm oil port.† This quote in particular shows that even if this market has being westernized, people who live there still believe in their traditions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are two characters in particular who have both learned to accept westernization without putting their own beliefs aside. One of them is Ma, the mother of Julius’s bride to be. Although Ma has been westernized trough the conversion of religion she still holds respect for what happens in the village, like Kitikpa. â€Å"Such was the state of the town when Kitikpa came to see it and to demand the sacrifice the inhabitants owed the gods of the soil†. Kitikpa was an evil deity. â€Å"Ma explained to him very gently that he should no longer come to see them â€Å"until this thing is over, by the powerShow MoreRelatedThe Sacrificial Egg Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesChinua Achebes short story The sacrificial Egg illustrates the life of a young African native Julius Obi, and the arising conflicts between two cultures. This short story takes place in a very small village in Africa, called Umuru in the mid 1900s. This young African Native, altho ugh no native of Umuru finds himself trapped between his own culture, beliefs and the westernized culture. Although Julius has embraced the western culture, after certain events he eventually finds himself coming backRead More The dud Essay805 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"The Sacrificial Egg† Chinua Achebe presents the conflict between an African civilization called Igbo and Westernization, specifically Europeans. The story focuses on Kitikpa, a god of smallpox, ravaging the people of Umuru as seen from the emptiness of the market named Nkwo and the story’s main character Julius Obi as he indirectly experiences the effects of the evil god (Votteler 14). Being of African descent Achebe believes that no African writer can betray his heritage (Landow). As the storyRead MoreMidge Essay716 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Midge† by Edwin Morgan is a dramatic monologue which tells an exciting story of a swarm of midges being rallied as they prepare to ambush a group of rambling humans in order to feed their eggs with human blood. This is a humorous poem about a seemingly unimportant event but which is rich in military ideas, told through an extensive use of word choice and humour. In the first stage of the poem, Morgan uses various poetic techniques to set the scene in the early evening by a Scottish loch. â€Å"TheRead MoreSalmon : The Salmon Run819 Words   |  4 Pagesgravel called â€Å"reds.† She deposits thousands of eggs over a period of a few days. After she has laid her eggs, her male partner immediately spreads his sperm over the eggs in order to fertilize them. The female salmon then stays around for a couple weeks to defend the eggs from natural prey while the male actually dies due to the lack of food after he has journeyed so far. The male dying is not only due to starvation but is done to protect the eggs by giving his life as food for wildlife. After theRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Charlotte s Web And Their Influence On People1501 Words   |  7 Pagescalling out in search of his friend. Wilbur experiences a whole range of emotions on his journey. He is grateful to Charlotte’s kindness and saving of his life in particular an d does the only thing he can think of to repay her – he looks after her egg sac. (White, E.B) Charlotte plays a really important role in the Wilbur’s life and of the whole book itself. She is a spider with kind and friendly character. She was the first, who started to be kind with Wilbur on the new farm. Charlotte is the characterRead MoreThe Hindu Faith is an indigenous theology and philosophy of India spanning thousands of years.800 Words   |  4 PagesVedas evolved over the years as more texts were translated and philosophical ideas formulated. The Vedas is divided into four main sections: †¢ Rigveda - A collection of hymns used in sacrificial rites. †¢ Yajurveda - Chants and mantras used in sacrificial rites. †¢ Samaveda - Verses of song used in sacrificial rites. †¢ Atharvaveda - Verses that speculate on the earth-human connection and other philosophical ideas. Hymns throughout the Rigveda are referred to as Samhitas. Brahmanas are textualRead MoreThe Company Of Wolves Characters700 Words   |  3 Pagessex and surrender to men in the acts of sex and marriage. So the werewolf fully assumes the girl to submit to him once he traps her in the house. Sex is assumed to be a sacrificial act for women, the girls’ sexuality protects her from harm; â€Å"She stands and moves within the invisible pentacle of her own virginity. She is an unbroken egg; she is a sealed vessel; she has inside her a magic space the entrance to which is shut tight with a plug of membrane; she is a closed system,† (Carter, 113-114). HerRead MoreBook Review Barbarians to Angels Essay749 Words   |  3 Pagesuses this information to help visualize life that went on during this period of time that will prove that the Dark Ages was anything but dark. Some of the archaeological evidence Wells got his information was from settlement ruins, burial and sacrificial finds. The items that were found reveal to us that these people were getting on with their lives and adapting. These people create great works of art, developed expansive trade networks, lived mostly peaceful lives, and even invented the deep plowRead MoreThe Metamorphosis Of Parasitic Beetles1495 Words   |  6 Pagessince his family is in the picture he is forced to.Thus showing Gregor family is holding him from pursuing what he needs, want he wants, and what he can become. Gregor shares similarities with a Passandridae, a parasitic beetle that lays their eggs on other wood boring pupae and barks of trees. A beetle who lives externally on another animal until it eventually kills it, like Gregor he lives of on his family, strangling it of the basic necessities to live. Unable to carry-out his daily functionsRead MoreEssay about Druids and Druidism: A Study of Their Real Identity1722 Words   |  7 Pagessometimes it had to do with warding off disease or as a punishment for committing crimes like â€Å"theft and brigandage.† (Caesar, 22) One interesting fact that Caesar pointed out is that in an attempt to please the gods there were better types of sacrificial practices than others. For instance, criminals should be burnt from below because it is more pleasing to the gods than cutting the throat. Caesar also mentions that the druids teach that everyone â€Å"sprung from the same father, Dis.† (Caesar, 23)

The Manipulation of Prospero Essay - 645 Words

The Manipulation of Prospero Manipulation means to influence or manage shrewdly or deviously; to tamper with or falsify for personal gain. In William Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest, we meet an interesting, mysterious Prospero, a magician and the true Duke of Milan now living on a deserted island with his daughter Miranda. Prospero has the power to manipulate his own daughter and does this because he wants to protect her from danger. Prospero has an interesting relationship with his daughter. Prospero talks and Miranda listens unwillingly. She does not pay attention and Prospero always seems to inform her. Dost Thou attend me? (1.2. 77). Prospero exploits Miranda in any way that he can. First of all, for 12 years†¦show more content†¦(1.2. 24) Wipe thou thine eyes; have comfort. (1.2.24) Under all his controlling tactics Prospero still loves his daughter unconditionally, and he sympathizes with her, wanting only the best for Miranda. Since Prospero is used to ordering his slaves around, it is only natural that he also manipulates Miranda with his orders. Lorrie Leininger describes Prospero as a God-like figure, controlling his subject through his magical powers. Prospero uses Miranda as sexual bait (151), yet he feels the need to protect her from evil. Prospero is concerned for the safety of Miranda. As he is talking to Caliban, the memory of the past come to his mind. †¦lodged thee In mine own cell till thou didst seek to violate The honor of my child. (1.2. 346) Her virginity is also important to him. When he gives permission to Ferdinand to marry Miranda, he still has some regulations. If thou dost break her virgin-knot before All sanctimonious ceremonies may With full and holy rite minist’red, No sweet aspersion shall the heavens let fall (4.1. 15-18) In other words, he is threatening Ferdinand of the acrimonious consequences if he has sex before the ceremony: a bad marriage. Leininger also notes that Prospero uses his magical powers to subjugate the spirit of Ariel (148). Prospero threatens Ariel that if he doesn’t obey him then he will put him back into an oak tree. Of course, poor Ariel still does his job from theShow MoreRelatedProsperos Manipulation In The Tempest Analysis1447 Words   |  6 Pagesmap is focusing on Prospero’s manipulation of the other characters on the island, and the differing effects on them, through the use of magic/power. The purpose of the manipulation was so that Prospero could act as the author of his own life; he wanted to pursue his vengeance against the betrayal done to him by Alonso, his brother, and other characters in the play. He is creating his own story with the help of Ariel (a magical spirit) as an extended effort of manipulation in order to appear the victimRead MoreThe Tempest by William Shakespeare1042 Words   |  4 Pagesfor power can drive actions. The specific settings of scenes help clarify the desires for power in the characters and how they plan to achieve them. The Tempest provides insight, through Prospero, into the question of how our decisions reveal our character. The Tempest is filled with examples of strong manipulation and how much is too much. The title of this play used both literally and metaphorically explains the overall action of the plot. Lust for power is the driving force throughout this play;Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1499 Words   |  6 PagesTempest† outlines many complex characters. One of which was Prospero, former Duke of Milan and powerful sorcerer. Prospero initially portrays a self-involved personality and God-complex but then throughout the course of the play this personality trait transpires into a more pragmatic approach to his life. All of these traits of this character makes it difficult to analyze the true character of Prospero. In the first Act of the play, we see Prospero using sorcery to drum up a large storm tormenting hisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1469 Words   |  6 Pageswhere the conversation between Prospero and Miranda (his daughter) lead the actions of Prospero, this paper will be analysing the hierarchy of the characters, the definition of justice for Prospero and who’s the king of Milan. Prospero has magical powers which is seen later in the p lay, the play starts off by the telling the story of the current king and his crew on a boat in a storm that Prospero made, the story continues more on when the audience finds out that Prospero was actually exiled by AntonioRead MoreEssay on Isolation of the Individual in Society in The Tempest1458 Words   |  6 PagesIsolation of the Individual in Society in The Tempest In William Shakespeares play, The Tempest, characters such as Caliban, Prospero, Miranda and Ferdinand, experience varying degrees of consequences, due to their change in behaviour, while isolated from society. Although isolation from society affects the characters in different ways, some see it as being advantageous while others see it as being a curse. This essay will show how characters in The Tempest sufferRead MorePre-Modernity In Shakespeares The Tempest1005 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the late middle ages and early modern period. In the play, Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, has been exiled from his home and sent to an uninhabited island with his three year old daughter, Miranda. With his knowledge of sorcery, Prospero is able to conjure up a storm and bring forth his enemies who are traveling by sea. Although the play is written in the modern era, it reflects on both pre-modernity and modernity. Prospero portrays concerns and characteristics of pre-modernity by enslavingRead MoreChristianity in Shakespeares Tempest Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pageswhite magic, a magic which attempts to bring about a good end. The creations later   become a facet for manipulation for the creators magic. The repressed creations rebel, causing the gods to become vengeful.   After remorse caused from the rage, the gods sit back and give subjects control of their lives.   This patte rn is followed by both Prospero and the Christian god.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prospero is a god.   He mirrors the Bibles personification of a   God who commands the elements and the angels,Read MoreEssay on Quest for Power In The Tempest1208 Words   |  5 Pagesjoins Trinculo and Stephano in an effort to overthrow the lord of the island, Prospero. Not only does this fail, Caliban also falls victim to the same failed war of thinking as given to the other characters by Shakespeare. The overthrow of Prospero would not have lead to Calibans freedom, but instead slavery by another master. Calibans allegiances to Trinculo and Stephano are simple replacements for the control by Prospero, not solutions to Calibans plight.    As such, Caliban does come closeRead MoreInjustice for Justice: an Analysis on Equity in the the Tempest1440 Words   |  6 Pagesthe main character, Prospero; this new viewpoint of both justice and mercy emerges. Prospero, once the Duke of Milan, seeks revenge for the usurpation of his throne by his brother. In Act One Scene Two, we see Prospero admit he creates a storm in order to shipwreck his enemies vessels. Prosperos means through which he seeks justice for himself involve conniving, manipulating actions, not only towards those who he wishes to punish but also towards Ariel and Caliban. Prospero expresses his senseRead MoreEssay about Prospera, Thy Role Is Woman972 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, in his play, The Tempest, tells the story of a fictional exiled Duke of Milan. In the original play, Shakespeare casts the duke as a man, Prospero. In a modern movie version of the play, writer and director Julie Taymor casts the duke as a woman, Prospera powerfully portrayed by the very convincing performance of Helen Mirren. The play, surprisingly, requires only a few very minor line changes to substitute a woman lead for the original male role. While the actual dialogue changes

Feminism, The Advocacy Of Women s Rights On The Basis Of...

Feminism Feminism is defined as the advocacy of women s rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes. Throughout the hundreds of years women have been around there have always been those that fought for more. From fighting for the right to vote to marching down Capitol Hill women have been fighting for equality. Although the fight may have changed over the years these individuals have always fought for the better for people around the world. Now more than ever women are critiqued for contribution to feminism. When an individual thinks of the feminist community they think of all kinds of women. In 2017 a feminist women can be described as African- American, Caucasian, Hispanic, tall, short, any kind of women whose ideas align with†¦show more content†¦This wave of women continue to fight for equality and are much more outspoken about it. This wave of feminism are â€Å"the ego-cultural feminists, the radicals, the liberal/reforms, the electoral, academic, ecofeminists,† according to progressive women s leadership. Founded in 1987 the Feminist Majority Foundation (FMF) was created to advance equality for women within society as well as empowering them in fields like law and business so they can take on leadership roles. The FMF site states that they promote equality between all women and men, supports legal abortions, the LGBT community, and is dedicated to achieving civil rights for all people. This organization has done a plethora of positive things for their cause throughout the years. A few examples of their work include awards, involving women and girls in sports and aiding those who are apart of planned parenthood who receive death threats. Overall the feminist community strives for equality for all, not just women. They look to empower women and girls to become leaders and compete against men defying gender roles. They also provide resources and a list current campaigns they are involved in. In the day of social media these feminist groups are exposed to more and more ridicule. Because of social media anything can be posted to Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Because of this things like the Women’s March are posted all over these outlets. This is goodShow MoreRelatedFeminism : The Advocacy Of Women s Rights On The Basis Of Equality1645 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Feminism - the advocacy of women s rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes.† Throughout history women have been perceived as these docile,fragile,and inferior type of people. Men were supposed to be the ones in charge and women were meant to follow along. These women back in the day were conditioned to believe that their place was at home being a good little housewife to their husbands. Women’s thoughts and opinions did not hold the same value as that of a man. There were women that wereRead MoreFeminism : The Advocacy Of Women s Rights On The Basis Of Equality1934 Words   |  8 PagesFeminism: the advocacy of women’s rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes. Even with a topic this controversial you can discover many great works surrounding the feminist movement. Influential women are Mary Wollstonecraft, who wrote A Vindication of The Rights of Women, Susan B. Anthony wrote The Revolution, Benazir Bhutto, the first Muslim woman to become Prime Minister, Malala Yousafzai who fought for the education of girls, Beyonce who preaches the gospel of strong women in and out ofRead MoreFeminism Is The Advocacy Of Women s Rights On The Basis Of Equality1826 Words   |  8 PagesFeminism is the advocacy of women’s rights on the basis of the equality of the sexes. To further break that down, feminism is the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes. It is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities in this world we live in. Basically feminism is a constant fight for the equality of both men and women. Not the sameness of men and women. A famous argument people like to use against feminism is women are not the â€Å"same† asRead MoreThe Advancement For Equality Of Women974 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning of feminism is not that women are above men, it is instead the advancement for equality of women. Thesis Statement: The actual meaning of feminism is not that women are above men, it is instead the advancement for equality of women. Organizational Pattern: Categorical I. Intro A. Attention Getter: With a show of hands how many of you all think feminists believe that men are evil and that females are the superior gender? B. Thesis Statement: The actual meaning of feminism is not that women areRead MoreWomen s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality889 Words   |  4 PagesThe dictionary definition of feminism states that feminism is the â€Å"advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.† However, this definition raises controversy due to a lack of preciseness. In order to achieve a precise definition, one would need to define equality because it is safe to say not all men are equal (i.e. white supremacy). The true definition of feminism, is the desire to end sexist tyranny and patriarchy. Feminists do not hate men asRead MoreWomen s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality973 Words   |  4 Pageslooking for a knight. She was looking for a sword† are the wise words from Atticus expressing that women do not need reliance on an assumed male counterpart for claim of independence and power. The generation today would label the above quote under the general idea of feminism which is actually defined as the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. Feminism played a much larger role in the arts of the 18th and 19th century than most realize, possiblyRead MoreFinally, Black Feminism Highlights The Unique Experiences1232 Words   |  5 PagesFinally, Black feminism highlights the unique experiences of Black women, but it lies in its commitment to justice, not just for Black women but for that of other similarly oppressed groups. An essential idea within Black feminism is intersectionality in that they argue that race, class, gender, sexuality, etc. are bound together (Garcia, 2016). In other words, white women and black women do not share identical experiences, despite all being female. Likewise, a middle-class black woman has a differentRead MoreThe Black And White Women Of Jacobs s Book Form Bonds974 Words   |  4 PagesHow do the black and white women of Jacobs’s book form bonds in response to maledemands and how does race impact â€Å"sisterhood† or feminism in the era before the Civil War: Argument: feminist Advocacy: Before Civil War a new wave of feminism is raised in America and soon spread out all over the world because in that time women of America was self-employed and they did jobs, face different problems. Therefore, we say the next wave of feminism is the feminism’s second wave.In this waveRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1218 Words   |  5 Pagescom, Feminism means the advocacy of women’s right on the basis of the equality of the sexes. In The Awakening by Kate Chopin, Chopin expressed female oppression and feminism through Edna’s life, her choices and the people in her community. Chopin had many examples of female oppression and feminism in her novel, such as Adele Ratignolle’s life, how women were stereotyped in the society at that time, why women in the 1800s fought for their feminist rights, why Edna is a feminist, and what women in theRead MoreRacism, Feminism, And Sexism1450 Words   |  6 Pagesout on important matters. But, do we ever consider t he true meaning on these important matters, or do we tend to listen to everyone else s thoughts to form our own? Racism, feminism and sexism are all three very common issues that many seen throughout the news stations and the media. We all talk about how important making a change and standing up for what is right, but no one speaks up or says anything when a topic like these three are becoming more relevant, that is until recently. The world is always

Barry Hines in writing a Kestrel Essay Example For Students

Barry Hines in writing a Kestrel Essay I am going to explore the theme of bullying in the novel Kes. The novel is set in the north of England (Yorkshire). The social context of the novel is that the society offered them very little. Most of the children only got jobs in coal mines so the community was full of coal miners. The economic context of the novel is that they are quite poor. People left school at the age of fifteen before the raising of the school leaving age. Students like Billy felt that school and society offered them very little. The writer explores many different themes in this novel; some of these are to with people feeling imprisoned, family conflicts, freedom, nature and education.  However the theme of bullying is of particular importance because Billy is subjected to a wide variety of different forms of bullying which almost crush his spirit and his sense of humour.  The novel opens with Jud; Jud is Billys older brother, so we have been told in the novel. Jud is the kind of person that likes to get his own way at home. As soon as Jud comes in to the scene we are shown the way in which he bullies Billy. This begins by the alarm going off for Jud. Jud is in a bad mood. Jud physically bullies Billy this is shown in the novel when  He swung his fist under the blankets and thumped Billy in the kidneys,  This is a very bad place to hit someone especially someone as small as Billy he can suffer really badly and would be in agony.  He also verbally bullies Billy this is by telling him things that had happened to him that he was not pleased with such as growing up to become a coal minor and getting up early in the morning. Another few weeks lad, an thall be getting up wi me.  The reason that jud is like this is maybe because, Billy is smaller than Jud. Jud can not do anything to change the way in which he lives. He does not have power in his own life, he has no money, he hates his job, and he wants to make someone suffer, so he uses Billy as a scapegoat.  In the assembly we are shown the way in which they use institutional bullying.  Hymn number one-seven-five, new every morning is the love  This sounds sarcastic because this is the opposite of the life they normally have.  While the hymn was going, Pupils tried to stand up for themselves by coughing and making the head angry No one really saw who it was, so when the teachers picked out the students, they just did it randomly as if they knew who it was even though the pupils protested and it was not even some of them but instead the head lied and said he saw who it was. Dont argue lad, I saw you.  When Billy arrives at school he is immediately bullied by his teacher because he falls asleep in assembly. The head teacher humiliates the children he shouts at the pupils for little unnecessary things. The pupils are the victims.  Ill make you sing like youve never sung before. The head is bossy and threatens them. But although this is the case the Head still seems powerless. It is shown by his role.  The smallest boy is bullied by smokers; they force him to take the cigarettes. When he tries to tell the head about the message he was told to pass on the head does not listen to him, and instead punishes him along with the others. .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 , .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .postImageUrl , .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 , .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798:hover , .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798:visited , .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798:active { border:0!important; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798:active , .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798 .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc8eb40fda0dca185d64d2194ce42798:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Educating Rita: Frank and Rita's Relationship EssayIm sick of you boys, youll be the death of me.   so for want of a better solution I continue using the cane, knowing full well that youll be back time and time again for some more.  Please, sir  Quiet, lad! And get your pockets emptied!  The head finally discovers that the smallest boy has the cigarettes so he smacks all of them on their hands with the cane  Head uses cane to conflict pain/humiliation. Wants to dominate through fear. The head does not care about what they have to say. Not caring about any of the students. He wants to make sure nothing gets out of control, quite afraid of what will happen if they do get out of control. As you can see the head master wants to feel in power. Mr Sugden is particularly cruel to Billy and bullies him physically, mentally and emotionally this is in his pe lessons.  I bet that was stimulating for him, wasnt it?  Every lesson its the same old story, please, sir, Ive no kit.  The teacher mimics him, makes a joke out of him. Mr Sugden shows his anger towards Billy by throwing the ball at him with a lot of force and wanting to hurt him very badly.  Then he purposely humiliates Billy by giving him shorts for pe that are way too big for him, and makes him wear them.  What are you talking about, lad? You can get them on, cant you?  Finally Mr Sugden makes Billy suffer by forcing him to shower in freezing water an example of his physical strength is:  Sugden back-handed him hard across the cheek, swinging his face, and knocking him back into an avenue of clothing. When Billy goes into the shower, Mr Sugden does not care if Billy gets ill.  In the playground, MacDowall, another student, tries to bully Billy by insulting his mother but Billy defends himself and is supported by Mr Farthing. He bullies the bully back to show him how it feels to be bullied. Mr Farthing is a different kind of teacher he actually listens to what Billy has to say.  The worst bullying Billy experiences is when Jud kills Kes, Billys only friend, just because Billy did not place a bet for Jud.  I think that Billy goes to the cinema as a source of comfort. This is the last memory he has being happy with his farther. All of a sudden an abrupt change of mood, his mum is having an affair and then his dad leaves. Then the memory is over. Billy wants to escape in to a better life. Where Kes is alive, Billy is powerful and Jud cant do any thing to Billy or Kes. But there is no escape. Billy returns to the same situation. The writer creates sympathy for Billy by showing that he can survive no matter what life throws at him. He shows that Billy is resilient, that he does not get defeated by anything.  My own personal response to the novel is that, Bullying is in the whole society. And that there is not many choices given to anyone in the society to become anything of themselves. I have not actually experienced this myself but it did make me think about people and life. It is a harsh society.

Medieval Ballads Essays - Child Ballads, Appalachian Culture

Medieval Ballads There are many medieval ballads that contain male-female relationships. However, the ballads "Edward", "Bonny Barbara Allen", and "Mattie Groves" stand out because they all contain atypical male-female relationships. The similarities the three ballads share in their male-female relationships are: 1) there is always a conflict between the male and the female and 2) none of these relationships are representative of the ideal male-female relationship or marriage. Although the male-female relationship in the ballad "Edward" revolves around a mother and a son, their relationship is just as convoluted as the ones found in the other ballads. Edward and his mother have a tense and stormy relationship, which is highlighted through their conversations and interactions with each other. Edward's tenseness towards his mother is shown through his replies to his mother's question "why dois your brand sae drap wi bluid?" Instead of telling her the truth, Edward is at first hesitant and lies to his mother by saying the blood on his sword is from hawk, and then says it is actually from his horse. Eventually Edward cracks due to his feelings of guilt and admits to his mother that he actually killed his father (line 21). Expecting to find at least some sympathy and advice from his mother, since it was the mother who gave Edward the idea of killing his father, Edward, instead, is bombarded by a series of questions from his mother. These questions make Edward angry, especially since one of them is how is Edward going to show penance for his actions (line 25)? Even though it is Edward's mother who gives Edward the idea of murdering his father, by interrogating Edward after the murder, it is shown that she is clearly the person in charge of their relationship since she knows how to manipulate Edward. The relationship between Edward and his mother is not an example of an ideal male-female relationship, or a mother-son relationship, since both parties do not show respect towards the other. This is especially highlighted when Edward's mother asks Edward what he will leave for her since he has to flee his homeland in order to save himself. To this question Edward replies "The curse of hell frae me shall ye beir, sic counseils ye gave to me O." Additionally, because of the troubled relationship Edward has with his mother, Edward appears to treat other females, such as his wife, with the same lack of respect he shows toward his mother. When Edward's mother asks him what he will leave behind for his children and wife, Edward replies nothing since the world is large enough for them to beg through life (line 46). The ballad "Bonny Barbara Allan" presents a male-female relationship that does not work primarily because of the stubbornness and demands of the parties involved. The relationship between Sir John Graeme and Barbara Allan can be characterized as stubborn since both of them are headstrong, although Sir Graeme a little less so since he is dying. Barbara Allan is portrayed as being more headstrong because she refuses to acknowledge the fact that Sir Graeme is dying for her love. This is because Barbara Allan is still mad at Sir Graeme for a past incident, where Sir Graeme slighted her at a tavern (lines 13-16 and lines 18-20). Although Sir Graeme and Barbara Allan do not see eye to eye, their relationship is the closest among those of the three ballads to be representative of at least a "normal" male-female relationship, even if not of an ideal one. Although Barbara Allan does not proclaim her love for Sir Graeme as Sir Graeme did for her, Sir Graeme still tells his friends to "be kind to Barbara Allan" (line 24). Even though Sir Graeme slighted Barbara Allan in the past, Barbara Allan tells her mother to fix her coffin since "my love died for me to-day, I'll die for him to-morrow" (lines 35-36). These actions show that both of them did respect, and probably love each other, even if both of them, especially Barbara Allan, were reluctant in showing each other how they felt about one another. Among the three relationships, the relationship between Lord Arlen and his wife, from the ballad "Mattie Groves", is the one least like an ideal male-female relationship because of the high level of deception and patriarchy their relationship involves. The relationship between Lord Arlen and his wife contains deception since Lord Arlen's wife is sleeping with Mattie Groves, despite the fact she is married. Furthermore, Lord Arlen's wife promises Mattie Groves that Lord Arlen will not

complete predicate in English grammar

complete predicate in English grammar Definition In traditional English grammar, a  complete predicate is made up of a verb or verb phrase along with its objects, complements, and/or adverbial  modifiers.  Ã‚   A verb by itself is sometimes called a simple predicate. Complete predicates are all the words in a sentence that are not part of the complete subject. Examples and Observations The four boys in the back row of the classroom  giggled helplessly. Dr. Mabel stood up and blushed and  giggled and  looked flustered. -(Robert A. Heinlein,  Time for the Stars. Scribners, 1956)The engineers struck oil. He sat down and  struck a match  to light his pipe. -(Paul Goodman, The Empire City, 1942)   Exactly at six, Martha  struck a small silver bell  with a silver fork and waited until its clear note had died away. -(Pam Durban, Soon. The Southern Review, 1997) The telescreen struck fourteen. He must leave in ten minutes.  He had to be back at  work by fourteen-thirty. Curiously, the chiming of the hour seemed to have put new heart into him.(George Orwell,  Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1949)Department stores, with their  escalators and clouds  of perfume and ranks of nylon lingerie, were like Heaven itself. -(John Updike, Self-Consciousness, 1989). Momma  opened boxes of crispy  crackers and we sat around the meat block at the rear of the Store. I sliced onions and Bailey opened two or even three cans of  sardines and allowed their juice of oil and fishing boats to ooze down and around the sides. -(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969)   After exercising, Stuart  would slip on his handsome wool wrapper, tie the cord tightly around his waist, and start for the bathroom, creeping silently through the  long dark hall  past his mothers and fathers room, past the hall closet where the carpet sweeper was kept, past Georges room and along by the head of the stairs until he got to the bathroom. -(E.B. White,  Stuart Little, 1945)      Testing to Find the Complete Predicate To figure out which words make up the complete predicate: (1) Examine the sentence: The pain from a headache generally persists for about a day.(2) Ask yourself what the subject ( The pain) does.The answer is the pain generally persists for about a day. That is the complete predicate.(3) Make up a sentence with a subject and a complete predicate. (Pamela Rice Hahn and Dennis E. Hensley, Macmillan Teach Yourself Grammar and Style in 24 Hours. Macmillan, 2000)Fronting In some alternatively ordered sentences, the subject is not the first element to appear in the sentence. Some element of the complete predicate is fronted or placed at the beginning of the sentence in front of the subject. Fronting shifts emphasis from the subject to the fronted element in the sentence: At the beach, I always feel content. Never could I have imagined the horrors that awaited us. The first sentence begins with the adverbial at the beach. Though the phrase precedes the subject I, it is still a part of the complete predicate. At the beach modifies the verb feel. . . . The second sentence begins with the adverb never and the modal auxiliary verb could. Though it precedes the subject, could is still a part of the verb phrase could have imagined. - (Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004)

Female body obsession through the media Research Paper - 2

Female body obsession through the media - Research Paper Example Irrespective of the actual weight, most of the females are concerned about their body image of being thinner, due to which, they develop a sense of strong body obsession. Emphasizing this phenomenon, researchers have revealed that British females conceive losing their body weight will positively change their lives and help in making it better, alleviating their social status among friends and the society on the whole. Studies have also revealed that while most of the American females conceive that losing their body weight will help them achieve the desired results in life, it can be argued that cultural differences and varying ideologies have negated influence on the impact media has created on females, fuelling their body obsession. As a consequence, maintaining a good body image along with appearing thin and beautiful can be observed as an increasingly prominent trend in almost every culture around the world, especially those wherein media has had a strong penetration and worthines s. The trend of food consumption for females has significantly changed over the past few years, wherein the females have become more conscious about their dietary habits, often, directly indicating their body obsession. This particular trend has allegedly induced eating disorders among females, as the food they consume lack proper nutrition and proteins. On the whole, the trend of food consumption has adversely affected the health of females worldwide, causing the major threat to the long-run social health in the global economy.

Childrens literature for the multicultural classroom Essay

Childrens literature for the multicultural classroom - Essay Example Aesop has been a mystery in the historical world, but much is known about the spread and conversion of his stories. Current literary scholarship has recognised fables as a major genre of Western literature. In the distant past fables went beyond the limitations of the classroom and the kindergarten. Their audiences have included children and adults. Yet fables are still an important genre of children’s literature. Their stories go back, repeatedly, to important events in childhood— acquiring reading and writing skills and learning to follow a moral direction; besides their particular advises or home-grown morals, the fables impart principles of verbal action, concepts of readership, and insights of authorship. This essay talks about Aesop and his fables, as well as his contribution to children’s literature and relevance to the contemporary multicultural classroom. Aesop is believed to have been a creative writer of fables, wherein animals are bestowed with human language and characteristics, for the goal of showing a moral message. He was a well-known storyteller. As other fables were created and brought together, the talent of Aesop became tied to them. Even though several scholars believe that he is only a mythical or imaginary character, the following claims are most frequently recognised as historically factual in the ancient documents referring to Aesop: he was born in Thrace; he became a slave; he was poet Sappho’s contemporary in the 6th century B.C.; and he was well-known as a creator and narrator of tales. Aesop desired to see the Greek city, Delphi, late in his life. After giving his promise to go back to Babylon, he travelled to other cities and gave lectures of his education and knowledge. In Delphi, the people enjoyed hearing his stories in the beginning, but they did not give him anything. After Aesop mocked the citizens of Delphi by saying that they

The different types of budgeting systems

The different types of budgeting systems Budgeting systems of different types, usually customised to the needs of individual organisational managements, are in use in various types of organisations, business, governmental and not for profit, across the world. The use of traditional budgeting has in recent years come under intensive critique by different academic and experts for its detrimental impact on different organisational areas and especially upon the overall performance of organisational employees and consequently of organisations. Such developments present a difficult conundrum to organisational managers of the actual utility of budgets in performance management and control. This dissertation takes up the investigation of the role of budgeting in organisational performance, especially so in planning and control of organisational activity, both in theory and in practice. The information obtained from intense study of literature is augmentation by the investigation of budgeting practices at two leading fast food and restaurant chains, Pizza Hut and Burger King. The research reveals that whilst traditional budgeting practices dominate organisational policies for planning and control, modern budgeting concepts are slowly being adopted by organisations with some success. 1. Introduction 1.1. Overview Budgeting systems of different types, usually customised to the needs of individual organisational managements, are in use in various types of organisations, business, governmental and not for profit, across the world (Andrews Hill, 2003, p 135-158). Traditional budgeting methods emerged as important management tools in the pre Second World War era, when Fordist and Taylorist management principles directed the working of most business organisations (Grizzle Pettijohn, 2002, p 51-58). Traditional budgeting techniques involve the comparison of actual organisational performance in different areas of work with budgeted targets, the computation of variances between budgeted targets and actual performance, and the analysis of both favourable and unfavourable variances in order to determine the reasons for such differences (Pilkington Crowther, 2007, p 29-30). The chart provided hereunder explains the sequence of budgeting activities and the relationship of the process to internal and external factors (Tales, 1998, p1). Variance analysis helps in corrective action during the currency of an operating period and helps organisations to achieve various objectives. Analysis of variances and comparison of actual achievement with budgeted targets help in the measurement of performance of responsibility heads, managers, groups of employees, and individual employees (Pilkington Crowther, 2007, p 29-30). Budgetary control has over the years been found to be very useful for planning and controlling of organisational performance (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Budgets have also been found to be useful in the monitoring and achievement of group objectives and in the facilitation of team work (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Budgeting, despite its inherent utility in the planning and control of organisational performance, has come under increasing criticism from modern day management accounting experts like Kaplan, Argyris, Hofstede, and Hopwood, who argue that lack of thought and rigidity in the use of budgeting essentially results in the development of Theory X type management control tools that can cause various organisational problems like increased stress upon employees, organisational disagreement and dissention with inappropriately set budgets, and organisational de-motivation (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Recent years have seen the development of modern budgeting techniques like the balanced score card, rolling budgets and beyond budgeting techniques (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Whilst such new concepts in the area of budgeting are undoubtedly being taken up for discussion, study and implementation by some progressive firms, the overwhelming majority of business organisations continue to use traditional budgeting techniques suitably customised to the circumstances and needs of individual organisations (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). 1.2. Purpose of Study The use of traditional budgeting has in recent years come under intensive critique by different academic and experts for its detrimental impact on different organisational areas and especially upon the overall performance of organisational employees and consequently of organisations. Such developments present a difficult conundrum to organisational managers of the actual utility of budgets in performance management and control. This dissertation takes up the investigation of the role of budgeting in organisational performance, especially so in planning and control of organisational activity, both in theory and in practice. The information obtained from intense study of literature is augmented by the investigation of budgeting practices at two leading fast food and restaurant chains, Pizza Hut and Burger King. This dissertation should hopefully help students, managers and academics through the generation of new perspectives in the area and help in improving the process of planning and control of organisational activities through the use of appropriate budgeting techniques. 1.3. Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of this dissertation are now elaborated as under: To examine the elements of budgetary control and its application in actual practice. To examine the various actions involved in the preparation and planning of budgets, with special reference to the role and importance of accurate information inputs. To examine the key resources required by firms for gathering of information for the preparation and planning of budgets. To examine the limitations of budgeting. To examine recent developments in budgeting and recommend the adoption of the most appropriate system of budgetary control by organisations. 1.4. Structure This study has been sequentially structured. This introductory section is followed by a literature review and thereafter by the formulation of appropriate research questions. Subsequent sections take up the description and explanation of the adopted research methodology, the data obtained from such research, the analysis of data, and finally conclusions and recommendations. An extensive alphabetical list of references at the end of the study provides details on all source material used for the dissertation. 2. Literature Review This review of existing literature attempts to examine the published material available in the public domain on the issue of budgeting and its role in performance management of organisations, departments and employees. Budgeting emerged as an important management accounting and management control tool in the early years of the 20th century and forms a staple item of all text books on financial management and management accounting (Davila Foster, 2005, p 1039-1068). The budgeting process came under severe criticism in the 1980s with the publication of critiques budgeting by experts like Kaplan, Argyris, Hofstede and Hopwood. Recent years have seen the emergence of newer budgeting techniques like flexible budgeting, rolling budgets, the balanced score card approach, and beyond budgeting techniques (Davila Foster, 2005, p 1039-1068). 2.1. Role of Budgeting in Planning and Control Activities Planning and control are agreed to be among the most important of organisational managerial activities (Bhatnagar, et al, 2004, p 92). Budgets play a central and key role in the planning and control processes of business firms. The importance of budgets in planning and controlling functions makes management accounting and the provisioning of management information a critical organisational function. Surveys of UK business and industry reveal that most business organisations use budgeting techniques of some form, even as larger organisations have institutionalised and developed budgeting mechanisms (Bhatnagar, et al, 2004, p 92). The role of budgeting is best examined by locating its place within the wider framework of organisational planning and control (Carruth Digregorio, 2003 p 13-26). The chart provided hereunder explains the relationship of budgeting in the larger control framework of a firm. Management and operational control form very important components of the broader framework of planning and control. Management control represents the process through which managements ensure the execution of pre-determined strategies by their organisations (Carruth Digregorio, 2003 p 13-26). The process is essentially short term in nature, implemented through middle rung managers, and forms an important routine management activity. Operational control on the other hand represents the process of ensuring the efficient and effective conduct of specific tasks. The time spheres for such controls are short term, consist of periods that can extend from a day to a month, and are executed through junior managers (Pilking ton Crowther, 2007, p 29-30). With regard to planning, the use of budgets calls upon and directs managers to think ahead about the utilisation of resources for achievement of company policies and objectives in their area of work (Grizzle Pettijohn, 2002, p 51-58). Such planning involves the obtaining of relevant, accurate and valid information, (either from reliable historical sources or by logical estimation), the analysis and appropriate extrapolation of such information, and its use for projection of future operational figures in different areas like sales, production, income and expenditure (Grizzle Pettijohn, 2002, p 51-58). The relevance and effectiveness of budgets is to a large extent dependent upon the accuracy of information on which it is based (Hassel Cunningham, 1996, p 245). The overwhelming majority of budgeting exercises make use of historical information that is available within organisations. Important environmental information is also however often used by management accountants for projecting future developments and their impact on performance (Hassel Cunningham, 1996, p 245). Inaccurate or unreliable information can, it will be obvious, erode the reliability and credibility of the assumptions on which budget preparation is based, and therefore invalidates budgets (Craig, 2002, p 57). Modern day organisations, especially if they are large, adopt elaborate and complex methods for retrieval, study, investigation and analysis of the data needed for budgets. Manual accounting inputs for preparation of budgets have largely been discarded by most organisations (Craig, 2002, p 57). Complex acco unting and information retrieval systems that span departments, functions and geographies are used by most large organisations. Modern day Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) plays an important role in the provisioning of management information in the preparation of budgets (Hassel Cunningham, 1996, p 245). The control function of budgets is executed through the allocation of responsibility to specific individuals for the achievement of specific budgeted targets and by the comparison of actual performance with budgeted targets (Craig, 2002, p 57). Such comparisons result in the establishment of positive or negative variances and reveal the extent to which people with responsibilities have been able to achieve their specified tasks. The extent of variance denotes the margin of success or failure (Pollitt, 2006, p 25). The reasons for such variances can be examined to ascertain the causes of success or failure of employees with accountability. Budgets have traditionally proved to be effective in performance control because they (a) establish specific, pre determined, and logically computed targets, (b) allocate responsibilities to specific organisational employees for achievement of targets, (c) establish widely known and uniform performance yardsticks and benchmarks, (d) provide a basis for assessment of actual performance and (e) pinpoint the people who can be held to be responsible for organisational failure, and (f) allow for analysis and determination of causes of failure (Pollitt, 2006, p 25). Budgets help in controlling performance by establishing benchmarks for performance and consequently for rewards against such performance (Andrews Hill, 2003, p 135-158). Organisational employees are often promised and provided rewards on the basis of their success in achieving targets in different areas of work (Andrews Hill, 2003, p 135-158). 2.2. Limitations of Budgeting Budgeting undoubtedly constitutes a critical and essential component of management control techniques that are employed by business firms for planning their future actions and thereafter controlling them. Whilst the importance and role of budgeting in achievement of organisational objectives and competitive advantage is widely accepted and also illustrated by the fact that the overwhelming majority of business firms across the world engage in some type of budgeting activity, the process has come under severe criticism in recent decades (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Experts like Kaplan have argued that traditional budgeting techniques have essentially not changed over the last 70 years and have become increasingly inappropriate for the modern day economy and the changed internal and external environments in which business firms operate (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Whilst traditional budgeting operates both on top down and bottom up approaches and are based both upon historic information and current information that is available in the public domain, budgets are in the overwhelming majority of cases finally decided by top management and imposed upon different levels of organisational managers (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Such imposition of budgets and their association with performance measurement, rewards, remuneration, and career progression of organisational employees leads to the development of various complexities, some of which are elaborated as under. Budgets are very infrequently felt to be fair and right. Budgeted targets are by and large felt to be either too soft or too hard, depending upon the perspectives of different persons (Hassel Cunningham, 1996, p 245). Such perceptions often lead to organisational dissention and ill will between subordinates and superiors and broad resentment of employees against organisational authority (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). Soft budgets are felt to be contradictory to organisational well being and build environments of complacency and slackness. Difficult budgets on the other hand often prove to be unattainable and lead to de-motivation, resentment, criticism, dissension, and ill will. It is thus not an easy task to formulate a budget that furthers organisational objectives, stretches organisational employees to improve their performance, and acts as a good motivator and fair tool for judgement of performance (Hassel Cunningham, 1996, p 245). Argyris and others have pointed out that group attitudes towards budgets significantly affect performance and ultimate achievement of budget targets (Smith, 2001p 1). Geertz Hofstede elaborates that appropriate setting of targets is also very important for achievement of budgets. Hofstede states that whilst group participation was important, the attitudes of senior managers, especially the game spirit with which they play the budget game form a key ingredient of the budget process. (Hofstede, 2003, p 12-18) Hopwood (1972) identified different styles of budgeting, the budget constrained style, the profit conscious style and the non-accounting style. Whilst all three styles exerted pressure on workers, it was only the profit conscious style that drew involvement without eliciting defensive approaches (Hopwood, 1972, p 156-182) Hope and Bunce assert (2003) that autocratic and rigid budgeting approaches lead to the development of organisational bureaucracies that focus on finding fault with employee performance, rather than motivation and encouragement (Hope Bunce, 2003, p 1). Undue emphasis on achievements of budgets can divert management attention from other important organisational aspects like the importance of quality and staff morale with detrimental impact upon organisational wellbeing (Hassel Cunningham, 1996, p 245). The association of monetary and career rewards with the achievement of budgets can lead to a range of unethical activities like fudging of figures, window dressing of performance, and skirting with the law. The wrong decisions taken by managers of banks and financial institutions, (which greatly contributed to the development of the financial crisis of 2008) are closely related to the greed of managers to access the performance bonuses that were linked to achievement of ever-increasing performance targets (Chapman et al, 2007, p 7-51). 2.3. New Developments in Budgets Dissatisfaction with important aspects and outcomes of traditional budgeting principles has led to extensive research in alternative methods of optimisation of organisational and individual control and performance (Hearn, et al, 2006, p 286). Such efforts, both in areas of theory and practice, have resulted in a number of alternative approaches and modifications to traditional budgeting theory and practice. Some of the more important of these developments are represented by flexible budgeting, rolling budgets, the balanced score card approach and beyond budgeting principles (Hearn, et al, 2006, p 286). Rolling budgets are prepared for 6-9 months in detail, (unlike traditional financial budgets that are made for complete financial years), followed by broader and less detailed budgets that extend to 1  ½ to 2 years (Subramaniam Ashkanasy, 2001, p35). Flexible budgets on the other hand deal with operations and contain different estimates for various products and services (Subramaniam Ashkanasy, 2001, p35). Such methods allow for changes in costs or volumes and allow organisations to respond swiftly to changing situations and thereby maintain profitability and competitive advantage (Subramaniam Ashkanasy, 2001, p35). The balanced score card approach aims to translate strategy into practice from four dimensions, namely customer, financial, learning and growth, and business processes (Bhatnagar, et al, 2004, p 92). Its use helps organisations to pay attention to different aspects of organisational performance over the length of business cycles, which are longer than traditional budget periods and thus essentially more volatile. The use of this approach, along with Key Performance Indicators, (KPIs), enables organisations to built holistic targets and track performance in different dimensions (Bhatnagar, et al, 2004, p 92). Beyond Budgeting is a comprehensive and elaborate holistic approach that incorporates modern concepts like rolling budgets and the balanced score card approach and focuses on two groups of principles related with performance management. The first group of principles is process oriented, whilst the second set is leadership oriented. Taken together Beyond Budgeting principles enabl e organisations to motivate their employees, improve performance and enhance organisational creativity (Bhatnagar, et al, 2004, p 92). 2.4. Framing of Research Questions The research questions for this dissertation, framed in line with the aims and objectives of the dissertation and the results of the literature review are detailed as under: How does budgetary control help in planning and controlling of performance of employees? How are budgets used by successful organisations (Pizza Hut and Burger King) to plan and control performance? How do organisations ensure accuracy of information for preparation of budgets? What types of resources are used by organisations to gather information and prepare budgets? What sort of constraints and limitations do modern day organisations face in using traditional budgeting techniques? What measures can be adopted by organisations to make budgeting exercises more effective in planning and controlling performance? 3. Research Methodology 3.1. Important Research Factors Research in areas of finance, management, and business come under the broad ambit of economic research (Bryman Bell, 2007, p 12-28). The research methodology for such assignments is by and large determined in accordance with the tenets of social research and is of course shaped by the nature of the subject under investigation and the infrastructural and other resources available with the researcher. The determination of appropriate research methods and techniques involve the choice of specific research methods and the most suitable sources of information (Bryman Bell, 2007, p 12-28). 3.2. Quantitative and Qualitative methods of Research Social research methods are shaped by two broad and quiet different research approaches, namely the quantitative approach and the qualitative approach. These approaches are shaped by different epistemologies and involve the utilisation of different research techniques, both for obtaining and for analysis of data (Darlington Scott, 2002, p 33-47). The quantitative approach is guided by positivist epistemology and is closely related to scientific research methods (Darlington Scott, 2002, p 33-47). Quantitative approaches involve the application of scientific theory and aim to measure the responses of research subjects in easily quantifiable and numerical terms. Such methods are used in the majority of economic and business research efforts and are particularly useful in the gauging of broad trends of thoughts or opinions of chosen populations (Darlington Scott, 2002, p 33-47). Qualitative methods of analysis are essentially different and are used when the issue under study is subjective in nature and open to different ways of interpretation (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). Qualitative research methods are shaped by interpretivist epistemology and involve detailed investigation of complex subjects that are often multilayered and incapable of being answered with yes or no responses. Such research is most appropriate for issues that involve questions that are what, why and how in nature and are best conducted by expert and involved researchers (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). Qualitative research is far more time consuming and detailed than quantitative research and is mostly conducted with the help of direct one-to-one interviews and focus group discussions, in which researchers participate with the subjects under study and observe their reactions and responses in minute detail (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). Whilst most research assignments call for the use of either quantitative or qualitative methods, some complex and multidimensional issues require the use of both techniques (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). 3.3. Choice of Information Sources Information sources are broadly categorised into primary and secondary sources. Secondary information sources consists of all the information on the subject that is available to the public at large in the form of published material, more specifically books, articles, both journal and magazine, and other publications (Bryman Bell, 2007, p 12-28). Primary information is however obtained from sources that are part of or are integral to the subject under study (Bryman Bell, 2007, p 12-28). Whilst primary information is most commonly obtained from interviews and focus group discussions, such information is also available from specific public domain sources like organisational or departmental publications, publications authored by the subjects under study, interviews given by them to reliable media publications, and otherwise from information disseminated through personal or organisational websites. (Bryman Bell, 2007, p 12-28). 3.4. Adoption of Research Methodology The subject issue, as detailed by the aims and objectives, the literature review and the research questions of this study, is essentially complex, multilayered and open to interpretation in different ways (May, 2001, p 41-59). The use of budgeting techniques for planning and controlling performance in business organisations is an intensely debated topic and has multiple aspects. The interests of research on this issue will certainly not be appropriately served with the use of yes/ no/ multiple choice surveys administered to sample population groups (May, 2001, p 41-59). The elimination of quantitative methods of research for the assignment by extension also removes the relevance of mixed models and leaves only qualitative methods for use (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). This research study therefore uses only qualitative methods for researching information. The research approach has been formulated on the basis of the aims and objectives of the dissertation and the information unearthed during the literature review (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). This research effort attempts to obtain answers to the research questions through a detailed investigation of the budgeting practices of two well known and successful organisations in the fast food and restaurant industry, namely Pizza Hut and Burger King UK. Information for research has been obtained from a host of secondary and primary sources (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). Study of information available in the public domain on the use of budgets for planning and control of performance in these organisations will provide a balanced multi-prospective view of their organisational policies and practices (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). Primary information is sourced from an examination of organisational websites, observation of their work processes onsite and informal open ended discussions with members of their staff. The information obtained from secondary and primary sources has been carefully collated and thereafter subjected to appropriate analysis (Neuman, 2005, p 18-36). 3.5. Ethics Appropriate care has been taken to ensure the adoption of ethical rules and norms that are pertinent to business research (Bryman Bell, 2007, p 12-28). All information sources used for the purpose of study have been acknowledged carefully and comprehensively. All participants have been informed of the nature of the assignment and its purposes. Respondents have been informed of their right to confidentiality and of refusing to answer all or any of the questions asked of them. All respondents have also agreed in writing of their unilateral and unforced willingness to participate in this study (Bryman Bell, 2007, p 12-28). 3.6. Limitations The results of this study are limited by the actual reading carried out by the researcher. Whilst efforts have been made to ensure extensive examination of available literature, it is always possible that some important information may have been missed out (Darlington Scott, 2002, p 33-47). The actual investigation of businesses for ascertainment of budgetary control in practice is also restricted to two organisations, which may well be unrepresentative of the entire business fraternity. The result of this research study is subject to these limitations (Darlington Scott, 2002, p 33-47). 4. Data and Findings Information for research has been obtained from a range of secondary and primary sources. Secondary information on budgeting at Pizza Hut and Burger king has been obtained from information available on the subject from a range of sites in the public domain, even as primary information has been obtained by study of their organisational web sites. The information sources used for secondary information on budgetary control for Pizza Hut and Burger King have not been cited here but have been placed together at the end of the list of references for easy access. Primary information has also been obtained by visits to retail outlets of Pizza Hut and Burger King in London, observation of the work processes at these outlets and open ended conversations with their employees. It has been difficult to obtain relevant information on budgeting because information about budgeting practices belongs to the private information domain of the companies and is not openly discussed at public forums. The employees at such outlets are also more involved in servicing customers and their knowledge of budgetary control methods is restricted. Relevant information has however been accessed from discussions with middle managers at Pizza Hut stores and franchise representatives at Burger King. The information obtained from study of public domain information, onsite observations and interviews with middle managers of Pizza Hut and Burger King are provided below: Information from Study of Public Domain Information of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut is a US headquartered multinational chain of restaurants that offers different types of pizzaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s and associated foods. The chain which belongs to Yum brands operates in more than 100 countries, contains approximately 34,000 outlets of different types and employees more than 30,000 people. The company is headquartered at Addison Texas and has grown enormously since its founding in 1958. The company operates its own stores in the majority of its locations in the US. It does however have some franchised units in countries outside the United States. The company is well known for its high quality and standard food and has faced very few quality complaints. The HR section on its website and information obtained from the public domain state that the company pays great attention to the selection, recruitment, training and performance of its employees. Pizza Hut operates a complex and detailed management information system with the help of extensive computer systems that connect all its global units with regional headquarters and to organisational headquarters at Texas. The computer systems used for the management information function are modern and constantly updated. Budgetary control forms an integral element of Pizza Huts overall management information system. The budgetary control system is extremely detailed and is prepared for every quarter of a calendar year. Budgets are multi dimensional and monitor both operational and financial aspects of the organisation. Budgets are prepared for all departments, all functions and for each restaurant operated by the chain. Much of the purchasing functions are done through annual regional contracts and employee of local retail outlets are not involved in these functions. Employees of retail outlets are however expected to add to organisational sales and competitive advantage through constant improvement of customer relationship and customer satisfaction. The chain has recently introduced the balance score card method for improving the performance of employees at retail outlets. Employees at Pizza Hut outlets are now assessed on a variety of counts that concern the provisioning of customer service, the achievement of customer satisfaction, the improvement of customer relationships and finally of the quantum of repeat customers. The company proposes to extent the balance score card method of budgetary and performance control to other areas of work. Information from Study of Public domain Information of Burger King Burger king is also a US headquartered international chain of fast food restaurants. Headquartered in Florida. Burger King is the second largest seller of hamburgers in the world. It has approximately 12,000 outlets, operates in 73 coun

Investigation Into Osmosis :: Papers

Investigation Into Osmosis Aim === The aim of this experiment is to compare the change of mass of potatoes when they are in a Starch and water solution. The reason the mass would changes is due to osmosis. Introduction ============ [IMAGE] Osmosis is the process of water passing from a region of high concentration of water, through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. Osmosis occurs when there is more water on one side of the cell than the other. In the example to the right the small blue particles represent water. There are more of the small blue particles on the left-hand side so the number of water molecules on each side would even out until the water cells are in equilibrium. The experiment we are doing is to see how much of the water has diffused and how much mass the potato lost or gained. Variables ========= I chose to investigate the mass of potato and volume of solution lost or gained when potato is put in water/ sucrose solution. The variables I didn't change were:  · Start volume of solution  · Start mass of potato  · Surface area of potato  · Amount of sunlight  · Length of time  · Type of potato  · Temperature The variables that I changed were:  · Concentration of sucrose/ water solution. Preliminary work ================ We did a preliminary experiment to check that the measurements and amount time would give us clear enough results. Method ====== We took three test tubes with 10ml solution in each. One with 0M sucrose One with 0.5M sucrose and the other with 1M sucrose, a test tube rack, three bungs and three pieces of potato. We weighed the three pieces of potato and cut them down to make them the same mass to make it a fair test. Then we made the water/ sucrose solution using these measurements:

Andrew Wakefield and the Mmr Autism Fraud

ANDREW WAKEFIELD AND THE MMR AUTISM FRAUD In February 1998, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, a British gastroenterologist, published a research paper in which he linked autism and bowel disease to the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine – creating a public health crisis in England and raising questions about vaccine safety in North America. Additional studies have since shown that the data presented was fraudulent, and after ten years of controversy and investigation, Dr. Wakefield was discredited, his licence revoked and his research discarded.The damage, however, had been done – vaccination rates in the industrialized world are down to such an extent that it has brought back diseases that have not been seen for decades. The article in the British medical journal The Lancet claimed that the three-in-one measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) was causing inflammatory bowel syndrome and brain damage in children. The five-page paper, which was backed by a press conference, p rovoked substantial media interest. Dr.Wakefield reported on twelve cases of children with what he called â€Å"regressive autism†, who had been admitted to the Royal Free Hospital in Hampstead (London) between July 1996 and February 1997, all within 14 days of receiving the MMR vaccine. These previously healthy children, the study claimed, suddenly lost basic language and communication skills. Wakefield theorized that the three vaccines, given together, can alter a child’s immune system, allowing the measles virus in the vaccine to infiltrate the intestines; certain proteins, escaping from the intestines, could then reach and harm neurons in the brain. It's a moral issue for me,† he announced at the 1998 press conference, where he advocated breaking up the triple MMR vaccine into single measles, mumps and rubella shots, to be given at yearly intervals. â€Å"I can't support the continued use of these three vaccines, given in combination,† he said, â€Å" until this issue has been resolved. † As the doctor campaigned, vaccination rates in the UK and Ireland dropped sharply. Wakefield supporters even involved Prime Minister Tony Blair by suggesting that his youngest son was not vaccinated with MMR.Although at the time, Mr. Blair refused to discuss the issue for privacy reasons, he did say that, â€Å"For the record, Cherie and I both entirely support the advice, as we have consistently said. It is not true that we believe the MMR vaccine to be dangerous or believe that it is better to have separate injections, or believe that it is linked to autism. On the contrary, the vaccine, which is used throughout the world, helps prevent the spread of diseases that can, if contracted, cause very serious damage to children. It was later confirmed that Leo Blair had been inoculated. In November 2000, Wakefield appeared on CBS’ 60 Minutes, linking the â€Å"epidemic of autism† to the MMR vaccine. This set off a spiral of theor ies that all vaccines are suspect: either due to their content, or because children receive too many of them at the same time. The US movement attracted celebrities such as actress Jenny McCarthy, who blamed MMR for her own son’s autism. â€Å"In 1983 the shot schedule was ten. That's when autism was one in 10,000. Now there's 36, and autism is one in 150,† she argued. All arrows point to one direction. † Although the number of children diagnosed with autism has increased dramatically over the last twenty years, it is difficult to say if this is due to improved diagnostic practices or an actual increased prevalence of the disease. Several major studies, however, have ruled out a link with vaccines: †¢The October 2004 edition of Vaccine published a meta review that looked at 120 studies to assess potential side effects of the MMR vaccine. The authors concluded that a connection between MMR and autism is â€Å"unlikely†. A 2005 study compared autism rat es in Japan before and after 1993, when the triple MMR vaccine was broken into three separate vaccines that are administered at different times. It was found that autism is still on the rise. †¢In October 2005, the Cochrance Library published a review of 31 scientific studies, none of which found a link between MMR and either autism or bowel disease. Similarly, a 2007 review of independent studies performed after Wakefield’s publication in the Lancet demonstrated overwhelming evidence against the hypothesis of associating MMR with autism.In addition to the overwhelming scientific evidence contradicting Wakefield’s claims, British journalist Brian Deer discovered that in fact, the research had been funded to create evidence against the MMR vaccine. Wakefield had concealed, misreported and changed information about the children in his study. It turned out that two years before embarking on his â€Å"research†, he had been hired by a lawyer who planned to make big money from several class action lawsuits against companies manufacturing the triple MMR vaccine. â€Å"I have mentioned to you before hat the prime objective is to produce unassailable evidence in court so as to convince a court that these vaccines are dangerous,† the lawyer reminded the doctor in a confidential letter, six months before the Lancet report. The Sunday Times investigation also discovered that in June 1997, Wakefield had filed for a patent on a single measles vaccine – for the success of which he needed to discredit the triple MMR. After the fraud came to light in February 2004, the Lancet retracted the conclusion section of the report (they would eventually retract the whole article in 2010).From July 2007 to May 2010, the General Medical Council conducted the longest ever professional misconduct hearing. Eventually, they revoked Dr. Wakefield’s medical licence, citing medical, scientific and ethical misconduct. So why do parents still believ e in Wakefield’s hypothesis? Probably because anecdotes are more satisfying than scientific methodology, and the media are very good at telling the bad story and very bad at telling the real story. In the UK and Ireland, fueled by sensationalist media coverage, MMR uptake levels between 1998 and 2008 dropped from 92 percent to 73 percent. 5 percent vaccine uptake levels are required for herd immunity (i. e. , the point when diseases cannot spread in a population). In 2008, measles was declared endemic again in the UK. There were a total of 1,348 cases that year, up 36 per cent from the previous year and up a staggering 2,400 per cent from 1998, when there were just 56 cases. In 2006 a 13-year-old boy became the first person to die of measles in Britain since 1992, with a second child dying in 2008. In the United States, the herd immunity is crumbling as states make it easier for parents to opt out of the vaccinations that are usually required to enroll in school.A study publi shed in the journal Pediatrics (2010) by researchers from the University of Michigan showed that 12 percent of parents have refused at least one recommended vaccine for their children. As a result, diseases such as whooping cough and measles are making a comeback. In 2010, 9,500 cases of whooping cough were reported in California, the most in 65 years. Ten patients died, all of them infants too young to be vaccinated. And even though measles was declared eliminated in the US in 2000, 2011 saw the highest number of measles cases in 15 years. None of these cases resulted in death, but one out of three people had to be hospitalized.This then is Andrew Wakefield’s legacy – an elaborate hoax for financial gain that has set back the medical clock 100 years for millions of children whose parents refuse to accept overwhelming and sound scientific evidence and would rather expose them to the very real dangers of infectious disease. Another casualty, ironically, is autism itself . Significant time, energy and financial resources were wasted that could have been spent on research and developing new treatments. Mr. Wakefield has taken up residence in an affluent suburb of Austin, Texas. Although not allowed to practice medicine, he still lectures to an adoring audience. To our community, Andrew Wakefield is Nelson Mandela and Jesus Christ rolled up into one,† according to J. B. Handley of Generation Rescue. The WHO estimates that 380 people die of measles every day. ? SOURCES: Ahmed, Kamal. â€Å"Blair Baby ‘Has Had' MMR Jab. † The Guardian 23 December 2001. Asaithambi, Rathi. â€Å"Time to Get Tough on Vaccine Refusal. † Baltimore Sun 11 April 2012. Chivers, Tom. â€Å"MMR – Autism Scare: So, Farewell Then, Dr Andrew Wakefield. † The Telegraph 24 May 2010. Deer, Brian. â€Å"MMR: The Truth behind the Crisis. † The Sunday Times 14 November 2004. Deer, Brian. Revealed: MMR Research Scandal. † The Sunday Time s 22 February 2004. DeStefano, F. â€Å"Vaccines and Autism: Evidence Does Not Support a Causal Association. † Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics December 2007: 756-759. Dominus, Susan. â€Å"The Crash and Burn of an Autism Guru. † The New York Times 20 April 2011. Freeper, Berlin. â€Å"The Autism Vaccine Hoax. † The Wall Street Journal 8 January 2011. Mascarelli, Amanda. â€Å"Vaccine Opt-Outs Causing Breaks in ‘Herd Immunity'. † Los Angeles Times 5 August 2011. Sifferlin, Alexandria. â€Å"Measles: 2011 Was the Worst in the U. S. in 15 Years. † Time 19 April 2012.

The And Online Payday Loans - 1223 Words

Storefront and online payday loans decreased 23 percent in 2016, according to information released by the Center for Financial Services Innovation, also known as CFSI. Some of the decline is due to payday loan borrowers shifting to bad credit installment loans or other subprime credit products. However, the CFSI study also revealed some alarming statistics that indicate that financially underserved Americans are incurring substantial fees for products other than a payday loan or cash advance loan. What Is Behind the Drop in Payday Loans? The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, an independent federal agency created in 2011 as a result of the financial crisis of 2008, has accused the payday loan industry of unfair or abusive practices almost since the day the agency opened its doors. In 2015, the CFPB announced that it would propose new regulations for short-term loans, including bad credit payday loans, auto title loans and certain personal installment loans. 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