Home Schooling Is An Amazing Experience This Year

Home schooling has been an amazing experience this year. 1It has helped me grow in my faith and in my knowledge of the Bible. I have so much more knowledge dealing with the Bible and I am now so much closer to God than I have ever been in my life up to this point. 2I have been more energized and excited to learn, my entire personality has taken a huge turn for the better. I am now an outgoing, bubbly girl ready to learn, that’s from the inside out from the light of Jesus.3 Also, I have been able to learn much more than I than I would have in a year of public school in one home school year! I have done an extra semester in my math, I have also been on so many school trips that are all for school. 4There have been so many benefits for my family as well. We have all grown so much closer and we actually get to see each other. Another huge benefit, I have noticed, of being home schooled is, 5I don’t have to worry about getting vulgar, ungodly, lessons that put down Christia nity and God all day, every day and I don’t have to deal with all the horrible vulgarity from students and teachers alike. I have grown in my faith, and knowledge; I have grown closer to God, family, and friends. I have gained so much knowledge about God and his word since starting home schooling in early September. Reading the Bible has become one of the subjects I am required to do every day and it has become my absolute favorite. I have read the entire book of Galatians, Philippians,Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Special Education878 Words   |  4 Pages This is a Summary about my personal Philosophy of Special Education. I will be giving my thoughts on the Purpose of schooling, Nature of Learners, Curriculum, Instructional Methods, Classroom management, Assessment practices and Professional relationships with family and community. Purpose of Schooling Special education has been a very important topic through the years since the beginning of the education program in the United States because of its philosophy on inclusion and educating individualsRead MoreFlannery OConnor and Her Works913 Words   |  4 Pages20th century. She is still to this day considered one of the most famous American authors. She very well shows that your life really impacts your writing technique, and tone of writing. She was born March 3rd, 1925. O’Connor was raised by two very Catholic parents in Savanna, Georgia. Her father, Edward Francis O’Connor, worked as a real estate agent and was a World War II veteran. O’Connors mother, Regina Lucille O’Connor, was a very social woman and a stay at home mother. O’Connor was the onlyRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School958 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the years I have learned that life is not as simple as it is made out to be. It is filled with twists, turns, and challenges you never expected to face. If I were told a couple years ago that I would at UCF for my undergraduate, I would have not believed you. All my years of schooling have been those of great difficulty. Not only due to academics, but also mainly due to the fact in which I was bullied immensely. Being bullied not only took a toll on me mentally, it also hindered my abilityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Shigeru Miyamoto 1564 Words   |  7 Pageslik e most cartoonist now today, he was inspired by Walt Disney. During his schooling, he didn’t really focus in his classes, instead he would focus more on his world and environment, doing his artwork. Soon his artwork came to known as Super Mario, Legend of Zelda, Metroid, and most other amazing products from Nintendo. Miyamoto went to college at Kanazawa Munici College of Industrial Art Design, it took him around five years to graduate with a Bachelor s Degree, after college he was then given aRead MoreFamilies in Poverty1728 Words   |  7 Pages(Bumpus). The United States has one of the highest poverty rates for being a developed country. Poverty can affect a family in so many ways for example financial stress, health problems, behavioral issues, and poor schooling or education. One of my main focuses is the poor schooling and education. I am currently an Elementary Education major at Washington State University. Becoming a teacher I know that I personally will have stud ents who are living in poverty. There should be a good understandingRead MoreUniversal Design For Learning ( Udl ) Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesrequirements after a work is completed. Similar to architecture and product development, this concept fits learning, as well. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) serves as a framework to optimize teaching by accommodating all schoolchildren, their learning styles and needs in the classroom. In order for UDL to work effectively, schools should not force pupils to fit the curriculum through the industrial model of schooling, which emphasizes â€Å"one size fits all.† Rather, the curriculum should remain flexibleRead MoreEmotion Management : A Sociological Perspective876 Words   |  4 PagesManagement â€Å"If you don’t manage your emotions, then your emotions will manage you† –Doc Childre and Deborah Rozman, Transforming Anxiety. Emotions are often thought as involuntary responses which are evoked by external factors and occur randomly. In this essay, I will explore the understanding of emotions through a sociological perspective. We come to see that emotions are not just instinctive expressions but are often governed by sociological principles. Emotions are influenced by roles the peopleRead MoreMedical Field : Literature Review1475 Words   |  6 Pagescan grow, develop a higher degree and go work in a different setting. Just like history, the past, present and future of the medical field, this career is being researched on by the following questions: 1. What does it take to be a nurse? 2. What can a nurse do with their degree? 3. What is the history of Nursing? 4. What are the issues within Nursing? This review of literature on nursing will be focused on the 4 questions listed. What does it take to be a nurse? Starting with the very firstRead MoreA Dog Is A Man s Best Friend1600 Words   |  7 Pagesto the zoo were more fascinating to her than the average child. Growing up in her teenage years, she discovered that as humans, they share the Earth with many different species, our looks differ, our languages differ, some of the ways they choose to live and survive are very different and that humans seem to be â€Å"better† than the animals. The quote â€Å"A dog is a man s best friend† is an example of how amazing the way two different species can communicate and develop a bond between one another.SometimesRead Moreâ€Å"What Do You Want to Be When You Grow Up?† Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesJennifer Smith English 111 February 16, 2011 Essay One - Revised â€Å"What Do You Want To Be When You Grow Up?† We are usually asked this question very early in life: â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?† It’s one of the biggest questions asked of children, from toddlers to teenagers. It’s always asked to help encourage kids to think of their future. After all, how many children really know what they want to do with the rest of their lives? Oh yeah, there are those lucky few who have a

Freedom of Expression is Ensured in India - 1473 Words

In India freedom of expression is ensured by Article 19(1) of the Constitution but is also limited by Article 19(2) which allows the government to place â€Å"reasonable restrictions on this right in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.† This means that the government can potentially censor anything. No other form of expression has had so many run-ins with these constitutional mandates as cinema. In India the National Cinematograph act (1952) lays down the guidelines to be followed during certification of films. It comes under the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC) which in turn comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. The censor board has to depend on the police to enforce its rulings. A film certification appellate tribunal is also in place to hear appeals against a ruling of the Censor Board. The NFDC is composed of the Directorate of Film festivals and the Film finance corporation. Former Chief Justice M. Hidayatullah, passing judgment on what is still the landmark case on freedom of expression in the cinema that of K. A. Abbas vs Union of India, says: â€Å"It has been almost universally recognised that the treatment of motion pictures must be different from that of other forms of art and expression. This arises from the instant appeal ofShow MoreRelatedMedia s Speech On The Freedom Of Speech And Expression1173 Words   |  5 Pagesessential task in intensifying awareness in all people about human affairs in a society. The right to freedom in article 19 of the Constitution of India guarantees the freedom of speech and expression, as one of six freedoms. Although article 19 does not expressly provide for freedom of press, the fundamental right of the freedom of press is implied in the right to freedom of speech and expression. The media being in the vocation of gathering and circulating information is supposed to hold dominantRead MoreModernization Theory Of India s Democracy1722 Words   |  7 Pagessociety will have democratic politics. Although this theory is widely spread it does not seem to account for all cases, such as In dia. Due to the large population of India, the defying factors against modernization theory are not easily overlooked. Many scholars have been analyzing the deviant case for years, trying to find out how they defied the modernization theory. India is considered a deviant case because it only recently began to see notable economic development, and for most of the twentiethRead MoreUniversal Cultural Values Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagescherished values of duty, freedom and honor, values shared by many ancient civilizations. While at first glance, western culture as represented in the movie, V for Vendetta, may seem drastically different from those of ancient societies, many underlying philosophical similarities do emerge deep down. Even though modern westerners enjoy enhanced lives due to technology, medicine, and education, they share many similar values and cultural beliefs with the societies of Ancient India, Rome, and China. TheRead MoreApplication Of Rule Of Law Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages THEORETICAL APPLICATION OF RULE OF LAW IN INDIA The common law system of justice delivery has been adopted by India which owes its origins to British jurisprudence, the basis of which is the rule of law. According to Dicey, the Englishman does not need any form of written or administrative law to keep cheeks on the governmentbut that the natural law and Rule of Law would be enough to ensure absence of excutive arbitrariness. While India also follows and accepts the concept of natural law, thereRead MoreApplication Of Rule Of Law Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pages THEORETICAL APPLICATION OF RULE OF LAW IN INDIA The common law system of justice delivery has been adopted by India which owes its origins to British jurisprudence, the basis of which is the rule of law. According to Dicey, the Englishman does not need any form of written or administrative law to keep cheeks on the government but that the natural law and Rule of Law would be enough to ensure absence of excutive arbitrariness. While India also follows and accepts the concept of natural law, thereRead MoreThe Case Of The Tronie Foundation1293 Words   |  6 Pagesa law, those International Covenants to which India is a signatory may be enforced through the courts so far as they are consistent with the law of the land. These treaties and covenants may also be taken help of in statutory construction. The framers of the Constitution of India incorporated all basic human rights as Fundamental Rights and made special provisions to ensure their enforcement under Article 226 and Article 32. The Constitution of India was drafted after th e Universal Declaration ofRead MoreMahatma Gandhi as a Mass Communicator1660 Words   |  7 PagesIndian Opinion and published it in English, Tamil and Gujarati, sometimes running the press himself. Young India and Harijan became powerful vehicles of his views on all subjects. He wrote on all subjects. He wrote simply and clearly but forcefully, with passion and burning indignation. One of the objects of a newspaper, he said, is to understand the popular feeling and give expression to it, another is to arouse among the people certain desirable sentiments, and the third is fearlessly to exposeRead MoreThe Ideas And Institutions Of Colonial Modernity3503 Words   |  15 PagesThe ideas and institutions of colonial modernity were brought to India from outside that is by the agents of European, especially British imperialism. This was in sharp contrast to the primarily or largely internal or indigenous processes through which Europe itself had launched its project of enlightenment and modernity. The claim of monopoly and expertise over modernity was used as justification by the colonial powers to fulfil its imperial ambitions. The colonial rule reflected dichotomies atRead MoreInd ia s Post Colonial Populist Democracy1733 Words   |  7 Pagesis a micro-ideology in Freeden’s parlance, Moditva can be also described as a peculiar ‘micro-ideology’. Previously, Hindutva had shown its limitations by not ensuring electoral majority for the BJP in the 1990s. In contrast, Moditva has not only ensured a clear majority for BJP (282 seats) with 10 seats more than the majority mark and over 60% seats for the National Democratic Alliance (336 seats) but has also got a large proportion of votes 31% for BJP and over 38% for NDA. Although, the vote shareRead MoreIslam s Influence On The Middle East And Beyond1711 Words   |  7 Pages the Islamic Prophet Muhammad established a new â€Å"unified polity† in the Arabian Peninsula, which under the succeeding Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion . â€Å"The resulting empire stretched from the borders of China and India, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, S icily and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees† . Such expansion of the Islamic state was an understandable development since Muhammad himself had successfully established the new faith through

Hellfire And Damnation Essay Research Paper Looking free essay sample

Hellfire And Damnation Essay, Research Paper Looking back on my childhood, I have many memories shrouded in fright and self-loathing. I was raised in the Baptist church. My female parent and grandma made certain that I attended church every Sunday forenoon. My grandma was from the mid-west. She carried her rigorous Bible belt background with her as she traveled West with my gramps. The many lessons I learned from my grandma and the curate at our church played a large portion in how I began to see the universe and my topographic point in it. It would look, looking back now, that the whole footing for my instructions during those early old ages was fear. I had the most intense fright of traveling to Hell. The lone thing one had to cognize approximately Hell was that it was the topographic point where one # 8217 ; s worst incubuss became existent. The truly atrocious portion was that Hell was for infinity. This one life that I had to populate could find whether or non infinity would be heaven or hell. From my experience as a five-year-old, I knew that most things normally turned out incorrect on the first attempt, so the idea of holding to acquire it right in merely one attempt darn near paralyzed me. With Hell as the ultimate penalty, I began traveling about the concern of larning how to avoid it. It seems that there was a list a stat mi long of things that one should or shouldn # 8217 ; t do that would set one in the good graces of the Lord. Do non hang out with the heathens down the street ( there was a Mormon Church about two blocks down ) . Do non prosecute in pre-marital sex. Never masturbate. This is merely to call a few ; the list seems to travel on and on. As if the list of things to avoid was non long plenty, the curate of our little fold was ever prophesying about how unworthy of God # 8217 ; s love we were. It seemed his favourite subject. He could travel on for hours about how we were all evildoers. Such atrocious evildoers were we that there was nil we could make about it. We were rotten to the nucleus. We did non merit God # 8217 ; s love or anyone # 8217 ; s love, yet God loved us anyhow. That made God a truly great cat. My reading of this peculiar discourse was that I was a atrocious individual non worthy of love. I was a evildoer and I was traveling to Hell. I would shout myself to kip at dark because I was so certain that I would be one of those lost psyches for all of infinity. The curate talked of salvation. All I had to make to be saved and acquire into Eden was confess my wickednesss and inquire for forgiveness. I was certain, nevertheless, that I had far excessively many wickednesss to be forgiven ; besides, I wasn # 8217 ; t truly regretful for most of my # 8220 ; sins. # 8221 ; I could non experience bad about oppugning my parents # 8217 ; and the church # 8217 ; s authorization. Most of the clip it seemed that they contradicted themselves or merely didn # 8217 ; Ts make any sense at all. I had a really difficult clip digesting the instructions of the church that included both a God who would demand killing and forfeit and the same God who would love and protect his kids. Due to the instructions I received and with so many people being in understanding, I merely figured they must be right on some degree, which made me the uneven adult male out and the 1 destined to pay with my psyche. All I had to make was to take a expression at the Ten Commandments to see that I was non making so good in the eyes of the Lord. # 8220 ; You must non Murder, # 8221 ; I hadn # 8217 ; t done that. # 8220 ; You must non perpetrate adultery. # 8221 ; I didn # 8217 ; t even cognize what that meant. # 8220 ; You must non steal, # 8221 ; I did this all the clip. I would take alteration from my male parent # 8217 ; s alter drawer. My female parent was ever stating me that I could non hold confect from the shop or little cheap playthings because we had no money. I knew that she was lying. From the expressions of my male parent # 8217 ; s alteration drawer, we were rich. Which leads us to the following Commandment, # 8220 ; You must non state lies. # 8221 ; If my female parent was stating me a prevarication about the province of our household # 8217 ; s fundss wasn # 8217 ; t it all right for me to steal to do up for her prevarication? Funny plenty, no 1 was willing to discourse this with me. # 8220 ; You must non fire with desire for another adult male # 8217 ; s married woman, nor envy him for his place, land, retainers, cattle, donkeys, nor anything else he owns. # 8221 ; What if his material is better? # 8220 ; You may idolize no other God than me. # 8221 ; At an early age I knew no other God so, this was non a job for me. # 8220 ; You shall non do yourselves any graven images: any images resembling animate beings, birds, or angle. You must neer bow to an image or idolize it in any manner ; for I, the Lord your God, am really genitive. I will non portion your fondness with any other God! # 8221 ; From a really early age I would play a game utilizing my stuffed animate beings and high hills of soil to do sacred topographic points, small sanctuaries, incorporating my stuffed animate beings. The stuffed animate beings were my particular friends. I was neer certain if this would direct me to hell or non. I was afraid to inquire because I enjoyed the game and was afraid person would state me I had to halt playing it. # 8220 ; You shall non utilize the name of Jehovah your God irreverently, nor utilize it to curse to a falsity. You will non get away penalty if you do. # 8221 ; I was non wholly certain what this meant, but person one time told me it had something to make with the phrase, # 8220 ; God damn it. # 8221 ; I used this in private when I would acquire defeated. I was patterning my male parent, who besides liked this term. # 8220 ; Remember to detect the Sabbath as a sanctum day. # 8221 ; Sunday was one of my weekend yearss. How was I supposed to give it up to God and do nil when I spent at least five yearss a hebdomad at school and Saturdays normally cleaning my room or something? I found this to be a really unreasonable petition. â€Å"Honor your male parent and mother.† This meant ever to listen and obey. I should neer speak back or inquiry. As one can see, I was doomed under such Torahs. I suffered from changeless anxiousness that the terminal of the universe was coming, along with judgment twenty-four hours. My fright was reinforced by discourses and films covering the subject of the terminal ( I was certain that it would come in the signifier of atomic war. It was the early 1880ss and the cold war was the large intelligence narrative ) . I was certain that I would be one of those hapless people that suffered greatly in the Book of Revelation. After all, I was a evildoer and unworthy of God # 8217 ; s love. I knew that God could read heads, and when he read mine he would cognize without a uncertainty that I did non believe in him with all of my bosom. I knew that I had excessively many inquiries for God to happen me fit for Eden. I neer spoke it aloud, but I thought that God was a really average adult male. Besides all that, I had a feeling that I would acquire bored in Eden. My male parent and I frequently discussed the affair of the terminal of the universe. I think he was besides waiting for atomic war to do the Book of Revelations a thing of world. I was still excessively immature to truly cognize what was traveling on, but I did cognize what the diagrams screening Russia # 8217 ; s ability to establish missiles and have them land on U.S. dirt meant. It meant decease and devastation of the worst sort. I would frequently state to my male parent, in the spirit of the blanket-over-the-head defence, # 8220 ; If there is a atomic war I will merely travel unrecorded in Antarctica ; there I will be safe. # 8221 ; My male parent was non a adult male who allowed his kids their phantasies to do them experience safe. I think that he wanted us to experience as afraid and confused as he did. His answer to my phantasy was # 8220 ; When the atomic war happens, there will be no topographic point on Earth that will be safe. # 8221 ; With complete panic I would halt all conversation. I was doomed, so. How could a good, sort, originative God allow his kids endure? If I were God I would neer allow any of my kids suffer. What about the unconditioned love that the Bible sometimes spoke about? Unconditional love and grace contradicted Hell Fire and penalty, didn # 8217 ; t it? How could an all-powerful God base for both? It was inquiries like these that neer got answered. It was inquiries like these that I thought would direct me consecutive to Hell. I battled with myself and my parents and the church through my childhood. Why did everything that came to me of course have to be a wickedness? How could everything that felt good and right be bad? The older I got, the more I questioned. The more I questioned, the less got answered. The power of Hell began to melt. I began to look into the universe around me. I no longer took the word of the grownups in my life. The consequences were surprising. I had the experiencing all along that something with Christianity was non rather right. The first clip I remember truly going cognizant that Christianity was no better than any other signifier of faith or myth system was when I was in the 7th class. We began analyzing Greek mythology. I couldn # 8217 ; t believe that a whole group of purportedly educated people would believe such wild and brainsick myths. Then I began to remember the narratives from the Bible. Why were Zeus and his buddies any more far-fetched than Moses separating the Red Sea or speaking to the firing shrub? These simple inquiries were plenty to agitate my foundation. I came to the decision that one faith was merely every bit right as the following. If I had been raised in a different land, so I would merely as easy have been raised with another faith. I would so keep house to those beliefs and all others would be wrongs. There were people who belonged to other religions who believed different thoughts, thoughts that I found to be more sensible. Of class, Christianity would state that these people were all traveling to Hell. I could no longer believe that God would desire me to travel along with anything that went against my bosom, so I began seeking with my bosom. I used my ain interior counsel to find what was right and incorrect. I figured that this had to be a better system than listening to a 3rd individual state me how unworthy I was and go on doing myself suffering. After all these disclosures, I came to the decision that I had to seek out the truth for myself. This was the reply I was looking for. There would be certain undeniable truths hidden among all faiths, and I would hold to happen those truths for myself. In so making, I was to make my ain belief system. I wanted a belief system that would give me a steadfast foundation and the strength to confront life. I did non desire a belief system that was traveling to paralyse me with fright. I still, to this twenty-four hours, do conflict with the fanciful devils that were placed in my caput as a kid. My feelings of being unworthy sometimes surface, but more frequently than non I feel confident and free following my bosom. I feel that God would much instead hold me happy and distributing felicity than suffering and spreading wretchedness. Christian religion to me these yearss is merely another establishment set up by those few who want to take advantage and command the weak and tired bulk. I can no longer live in fright, so I must stand up and decline to listen to anyone claiming to cognize what # 8217 ; s best for me. My bosom is my lone true usher. Teri Carrick English 100 Anita Wilkins Hell Fire and Damnation 28 April 1999 Class: Expository

The Concept Of Discourse Community Essay Example For Students

The Concept Of Discourse Community Essay In his article The Concept of Discourse Community, John Swales reports that a certain group of people can be described as a discourse community if that group could share some characteristics. In order to figure out whether or not those characteristics apply to a certain group of people, a methodology, which is a closer study of the behaviors and activities of the group, must be conducted throughout observations and interviews with some of the members. This paper conveys a study of a group of workers in Dayton Towers Luxury Apartments, and then relates, if possible, the results to the standards of discourse community that Swales describes in his article, followed by some explanations of what was learned from this experience. When I first entered the front office in Dayton Towers, the staff were smiling and welcoming the idea of being observed for a while. The office in the reception area of the building consists of two people; the leasing manager, and the building issues manager. There is a maintenance team, whom their staffs dress up uniformly and do not stay in the office, but have another room to stay in. We will write a custom essay on The Concept Of Discourse Community specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are 3 people under the maintenance department. The staffs communicate with each other informally. I observed that each of them has a wireless communicating device. Amongst the responsibilities of the leasing office are to receive any complaints from the tenants, receive packages of mails on behalf of the tenants in case of their absence, and arrange monthly†¦

The Two Romeo and Juliet Balcony Scenes

The Two Romeo and Juliet Balcony Scenes Free Online Research Papers In Romeo and Juliet, there are two balcony scenes. The first one takes place before Romeo and Juliet are married and is full of hope and love. In this scene, the meeting takes place at the beginning of the night and is interrupted by the Nurse. In the second scene, it is filled with dread, and sorrow as the two know that death or separation is inevitable. This meeting takes place at the end of night, and again is interrupted by the Nurse. In the first balcony scene it is clear that Romeo and Juliet love each other and want to be married so that they will never be apart. It is obvious in this quote, where Romeo returns Juliets proposal with his own: â€Å"Th’exchange of thy love’s faithful vow for mine† (2.ii.77). This quote is surrounded by strong words of love from both Romeo and Juliet. Another example of the two showing their love for each other is here: â€Å"Three words, dear Romeo, and good night indeed† (2.ii.79). This can be interpreted as the three words being â€Å"I Love You†. One example of Romeo showing his love for Juliet in this balcony scene is when he states: â€Å"And, but thou love me, let them find me here. My life were better ended by their hate Than death prorogued, wanting thy love† (2.ii.75). The previous quote shows that Romeo is not scared of what the servants of Sir Capulet will do to him, or even Sir Capulet himself, if he were to be found because Romeos love for Juliet is that strong. This first balcony scene takes place at the beginning of the night, shown in this quote: â€Å" But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun† (2.ii.69). This quote shows that there is still a little bit of light left outside, but that the sun (referred to as Juliet) is setting in the west, meaning it is going down. This balcony scene also includes the Nurse interrupting a very romantic, spiritual event between Romeo and Juliet, shown here: â€Å"Nurse within – Madam. Juliet- I come anon. – But if thou meanest not well, Nurse- Madam.† (2.ii.79). This quote shows that Juliet was so deep into thought with Romeo that she at first did not notice the nurse there, and that it took the nurse two attempts at calling her to catch her attention. As a reader reads the second balcony scene, is quite obvious that both Romeo and Juliet feel strong emotions of dread. This could be because Romeo is being banished, and that they would both rather die than live without each other. Research Papers on The Two Romeo and Juliet Balcony ScenesHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsMind TravelThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Free Essays on Plastic

Introduction to Plastics Due to its length, we have divided this document into a number of areas that are accessible by clicking on the links below. If you prefer, you can simply scroll down the page using the scrollbar on the right-hand side of this browser window. To print out this document in its entirety, including the slides, click here now. (This file is a PDF file and requires the free Adobe Acrobat Reader). - History and Significance of Polymers - The Structure of Polymers - Polymerization and Molecular Structure - Molecular Arrangement of Polymers - Characteristics of Polymers - Forms of Plastics - Common Plastic Resins Used in Packaging - Resin Identification Code History and Significance of Polymers Plastics are polymers. What is a polymer? The simplest definition of a polymer is something made of many units. Think of a polymer as a chain. Each link of the chain is the "mer" or basic unit that is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or silicon. To make the chain, many links or "mers" are hooked or polymerized together. Polymerization can be demonstrated by linking strips of construction paper together to make paper garlands or hooking together hundreds of paper clips to form chains. Polymers have been with us since the beginning of time. Natural polymers include such things as tar and shellac, tortoise shell and horns, as well as tree saps that produce amber and latex. These polymers were processed with heat and pressure into useful articles like hair ornaments and jewelry. Natural polymers began to be chemically modified during the 1800s to produce many materials. The most famous of these were vulcanized rubber, gun cotton, and celluloid. The first synthetic polymer produced was Bakelite in 1909 and was soon followed by the first semi- synthetic fiber, rayon, which was developed in 1911. Did you know?... The origin of the word "plastics" comes from Greek. Its original Greek root means... Free Essays on Plastic Free Essays on Plastic Introduction to Plastics Due to its length, we have divided this document into a number of areas that are accessible by clicking on the links below. If you prefer, you can simply scroll down the page using the scrollbar on the right-hand side of this browser window. To print out this document in its entirety, including the slides, click here now. (This file is a PDF file and requires the free Adobe Acrobat Reader). - History and Significance of Polymers - The Structure of Polymers - Polymerization and Molecular Structure - Molecular Arrangement of Polymers - Characteristics of Polymers - Forms of Plastics - Common Plastic Resins Used in Packaging - Resin Identification Code History and Significance of Polymers Plastics are polymers. What is a polymer? The simplest definition of a polymer is something made of many units. Think of a polymer as a chain. Each link of the chain is the "mer" or basic unit that is made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or silicon. To make the chain, many links or "mers" are hooked or polymerized together. Polymerization can be demonstrated by linking strips of construction paper together to make paper garlands or hooking together hundreds of paper clips to form chains. Polymers have been with us since the beginning of time. Natural polymers include such things as tar and shellac, tortoise shell and horns, as well as tree saps that produce amber and latex. These polymers were processed with heat and pressure into useful articles like hair ornaments and jewelry. Natural polymers began to be chemically modified during the 1800s to produce many materials. The most famous of these were vulcanized rubber, gun cotton, and celluloid. The first synthetic polymer produced was Bakelite in 1909 and was soon followed by the first semi- synthetic fiber, rayon, which was developed in 1911. Did you know?... The origin of the word "plastics" comes from Greek. Its original Greek root means...

Within the Context of the Boundaryless Career Critically Analyse the Coursework

Within the Context of the Boundaryless Career Critically Analyse the Challenges Faced by Graduates in a Volatile Global Economy - Coursework Example 1 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Boundary less Careers 3 Challenges Faced by Graduates 4 Conclusions 6 References 7 Introduction The recent economic downturn had a deep impact on the job market as companies went overdrive to cut jobs in the backdrop of a severe financial crisis. The period of economic recession saw many individuals being handed pink slips (Tuppen, 1988, p.54). It also meant that fresh graduates even from reputed institutions could not find a job of their choice. This has led to emergence of certain very critical aspects with regards to career growth and development of individuals (Roberts, 2009). The present study would analyze the career aspects of a graduate in the recessionary environment in the backdrop of a boundary less career for an individual. Boundary less Careers The definition of boundary less career itself is a matter of research with varied version of the definition of the term across academic circles. Among the most accepted of the definition is t he one given by Arthur and Rousseau (1996) that defines boundary less careers as the complete opposite of organizational career that span across various organizations against traditional assumptions of employment. The definition given above was challenged by Eby (2001) who defined boundary less careers as a connecting sequence of expertise across jobs and companies (Barling & Cooper, 2008, p.279). Greenhaus, Callanan & Godshalk (2009) Conducted a research into the aspect of boundary less careers and concluded that the aspect was majorly due to the inter organizational mobility and a change in attitude among the employees to look for greener pastures in their careers. This trend is particularly been observed in the capitalist economies of USA, UK and other developed nations as there are large number of business organizations that are ever in need of good professionals for their company. There are many perspectives on this approach firstly, certain researchers propose that boundary fe wer careers involve increased mobility towards better opportunities and rewards. Another contradictory school of thought states that aspects like mentality, identity and psychological aspects that defines the aspect of boundary less careers. Networking and connections also play a major role in the mobility of individuals across organizations (Greenhaus, Callanan & Godshalk, 2009, p.23-24). The aspect of boundary less careers has also been debated with regards to the aspect of commitment and loyalty. On one hand some individuals feel that the aspect of boundary less careers has reduced the loyalty and commitment aspects. The protagonists of this theory feel that boundary less carers have increased and improved individual performance in the quest for greater improvements in the careers due to which individuals resort to job hopping across organizations and business verticals in an attempt to better influence the careers (Purcell & Wright, 2007, p.133-134). Guest & Conway (2004) stated that there was a contrasting view in boundary fewer careers as it led to development of loyalty towards an individual’s own career and personal interests. Academic and research professionals have often critiqued this aspect and stated that this was detrimental to the organizational interests as individuals in boundary less careers often put themselves and their personal ambitions before the organizational interests (Guest & Conway, 2004, p.51). Challenges Faced by Graduates The recent market recession has led to a serious job cuts within economies. According to the data released by OECD USA alone reported a major job cut that is evident from the fact that there were 145362000 employed civilians in 2008 as compared to 139877000 individuals in the following year. The statistics reveal a clear

Concrde crash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Concrde crash - Essay Example According to Kurczy (par. 3-9), a Houston bound continental jet that took off a short moment before the Concorde took off dropped an ill fitted metal strip on the run away from its underside. On the runway, when the Concorde flight was preparing speed one of its tires run over the same metal strip that that made the tire to burst. Since the plane had gathered a supersonic speed chucks of the tire hit the under wing. Their impact on the wing was enough to puncture the fuel tank and hot exhaust gases from the engine ignited a flame on the wing. When the crippled jet took off into the sky, it lost control due to severe shock waves on the wing that had caught fire. Smith (Par. 2-6) in his article asserted that when the flight was in the sky the flames damaged the second engine and some experts argued that it could survive if it was able to land. After a few minutes in the sky, the crewmembers were overwhelmed as the plane busted into flames and it remains crashed into a small hotel in Paris, killing four people on the ground, and no members on the plane were spared either. After this horror incidence, the Continental Airline company was accused of unintended manslaughter. It has been long since this the crash took place, but the memories of every bit of the crash are still fresh. Kurczy, Stephen. â€Å"What caused the 2000 Concorde crash?† The Christian Science Monitor, Feb. 10, 2010. Web. Sept. 27 2014.

Pakistan and Policy Essay Example for Free

Pakistan and Policy Essay National integration is unity in diversity. It means a feeling of oneness. It implies social, political, economic, linguistic and cultural unity. It is the development of a mental climate that would help reacts in terms of oneness, irrespective of the region, language or religion of the people concerned. It means a heaven of freedom where the world has not been divided into fragments by narrow domestic wells. It is based on feeling of oneness, common ideals of life and a common code of behavior. It implies confidence in nations future, deep sense of values and obligation of citizenship, mutual understanding and respect for the culture of different sections of the nation. Need for National Integration National integration is the feeling that binds the citizens of a country. Its aim is to put individuals best efforts for the optimum growth, prosperity and welfare of the country as a whole. It does away with inter-state, inter-linguistic, inter-religious and inter-cultural differences. It promotes a spirit of tolerance and respect for the view-point of other cultural groups. To Kanungo, Every country at every time needs national integration but India needs it the most. Indias passing through a critical period these days. The integrity of India is in danger. Therefore Indians will have to act carefully. In India national integration is needed due to following reasons: Threat of Foreign Aggression National integration is vital for Indias survival especially at a time when the country is under the threat of foreign aggression and internally the people are divided on the basis of castes, religions, regions, communities, languages and Races For the Development of National Character National integration is an essential element for the development of national character. These days there is lack of national character. Corruption is increasing day-by-day. We are sacrificing national interests for the sake of money. National character can be formed only when we have the feeling of national integration. For Success of Democracy India is a democratic country. National integration is an essential pre-requisite for the success of our democracy. It is a basic need for the success of democracy; otherwise, the fissiparous tendencies in the country may lead to serious consequences. For Diversity National unity is essential for any country at any time. There is unity in diversity in India but now unity is in danger. Therefore, national unity is essential in order to maintain the eternal value of unity in diversity. For Peace National integration is essential for keeping peace at national and international level. Modern age is the age of science. It has changed the whole world in a family. Every nation is dependent on one another. Therefore, scientific achievement should be used for constructive work in order to provide peace to humanity. This feeling can develop only when we have the thought of national integration.

Which is Witch? Essay -- Character Analysis, Ron Rash

The novel, â€Å"One Foot in Eden† by Ron Rash, is an extravagant story that takes the reader into a tail of desperation, forgiveness and the inevitable change that comes with time. The novel is written in first person by four different novel characters who include: The High Sheriff Alexander, Deputy Bobby, Billy Holcombe, and his wife, Amy. The High Sheriff is looking for Holland Winchester, who is known as a local ruffian and war hero. The Sheriff soon learns from Holland’s mother that he had been having an affair with Amy Holcombe prior to his disappearance. Although Amy loves her husband Billy; he cannot give her a child because he is sterile. Amy goes to Holland Winchester, her neighbor, to give her a child because Widow Glendower promised he would. Widow Glendower is a minor character in the novel â€Å"One Foot in Eden.† However, she plays a vital role. Widow Glendower is often referred to as a witch throughout the novel, often associated with a devilish figure. Many believe that witches are dangerous. â€Å"For most of history, in most of the world, the prevailing view of witches is that they present some kind of threat (690 Joshi).† There are certain characteristics that represent the figure of a witch, however, Ronald Hutton states that there is â€Å"no general agreement on what a witch or witchcraft is supposed to be.â€Å" Though out the book, some of Widow Glendower’s actions could be interpreted to embody the characteristics of a witch. However, instead of being viewed as a witch or threatening figure, Widow Glendower should be seen as a part of a traditional herbal healing age, who cared for the sick and received a bad label because of history. She should be noted as a gentle midwife that wish es to invoke life, not take it away. Wid... ...tid=12777 Kontoyannis, M., & Katsetos, C. (2011). Midwives in early modern europe (1400-1800). Health Science Journal, 5(1), 31-36. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/845921670?accountid=12777 Nolan, J., & Robbins, M. (1999). Cultural conservation of medicinal plant use in the ozarks. Human Organization, 58(1), 67-72. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/201159123?accountid=12777 Rash, Ron. One Foot in Eden. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2002. Print. Joshi, S.T. Icons of horror and the supernatural: an encyclopedia of our worst nightmares. Greenwood Publishing Company, 2007. Volume 2. Ebook. Popkin, B. (1996). Wives, mothers, and witches: The learned discourse about women in early modern europe. Journal of Womens History, 8(3), 193-193. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/203245655?accountid=12777

American Dream – American Beauty & Of Mice and Men

Although the roots of the American Dream are founded on opportunity for all, it has become an inaccessible illusion for most. John Steinbeck’s novella â€Å"Of mice and men† explores the fragility of this concept in a more modern context. Whereas Sam Mendez’s film â€Å"American Beauty† uses black comedy to highlight the allusive nature of the American dream that has become perverted by an affiant society. Both of these texts expose a reality that reveals the isolation and loneliness experienced from pursuing American dream. George and Lenny both shared â€Å"The American Dream† of owning their own small farm house. However they too were unable to grasp the reality when their dream became crushed by society’s expectations. ‘Some day – we’re gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an’ a cow and some pigs and –‘, George and Lenny constantly repeats this phrase continuously throughout the novella, as their personal ambition and aim. It was this specific phrase that allowed our two protagonists to differentiate from others, it gave our protagonists hope as they were unique from all other farm workers ‘Guys like us, that work on ranches are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong no place. They come to a ranch an’ work up a stake and then they go inta town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know they’re poundin’ their tail on some other ranch’. Knowing that they were different from all other farm workers they motivated themselves to believe that they were able to obtain what others could not, as they were different from everyone else ‘They ain’t got nothing to look ahead to’ †¦ ‘But not us! ’ An’ why? Because †¦ Because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that’s why’. Our two protagonists can closely compared with the mouse in Robert Burns Poem â€Å"To a Mouse†. The mouse within Burns poems lived on a farm very similar to Lennie and George. Through hard work the mouse creates a home, which was ultimately destroyed by the farmer. The rodents that Lennie often carried around symbolises how fragile they really were, being crushed by Lennie’s petting. The American Dream was supposedly founded on the belief that it was a dream for all and that everyone had an equal chance. However Steinbeck’s choice of emphasizing both the fragility and the selective nature of the American Dream crushes Lenny and George indefinitely. Steinbeck highlights the allusive nature of the American dream by using alienated and lonely characters who are shown to be unable to fulfil their dream. Crooks is a black man who was shunned from society merely because of his colour and race. Unable to belong with the rest of the other characters, he is often shown alone. When Lennie first confronts Crooks, Crook turned his vulnerability against Lennie and lied about George never returning, suggesting that George will never return. He plays a cruel game with Lennie, suggesting to him that George is gone for good. Only when Lennie threatens him with physical violence does he relent. Crooks exhibits the corrosive effects that loneliness can have on a person; his character evokes sympathy as the origins of his cruel behavior are made evident. Perhaps what Crooks wants more than anything else is a sense of belonging—to enjoy simple pleasures such as the right to enter the bunkhouse or to play cards with the other men. This desire would explain why, even though he has reason to doubt George and Lennie’s talk about the farm that they want to own, Crooks cannot help but ask if there might be room for him to come along and hoe in the garden. Similarly, Curly’s wife also had an ambition to be a movie star and famous. Near the start of the novella, Curly’s wife was shown to be a â€Å"tramp† or â€Å"tart†, however as the novella progresses, her lust for attention grows. This desire is shown by her confrontation with other men, even though Curly had told her not to. The lack of attention that the other characters and the story gave her is further emphasised by Steinbeck’s decision of disallowing her a name. Curly wife’s is also another character that demonstrated loneliness, however, unlike other characters, she had little significance. Similarly Sam Mendez also produces unique individuals within â€Å"American Beauty†, each having their own dreams and ambitions, to demonstrate the allusion that the American dream is for everyone. The Burnham’s in particular were bitter and confined even though they were shown to have â€Å"Everything†: a house, a car, a family. Even though the Burnhams had the depicted everything, they did not appear to be content with their life. Lester Burnham, the protagonist, has been slowly deteriorating from the typical patriarchal household. Lester is often showed to be confined within himself shut of from other characters. During the first office scene, Lester’s reflection upon the computer is shown behind green bars of text. Even Lester himself admits that he loser living the same boring life every day. At the beginning of the movie Lester starts of narrating, â€Å"In a way I’m dead already†. During the first dinner scene after Lester walks into the kitchen, Lester tells Jane â€Å"Sometimes Jane you don’t have to wait for me to come to you. You can come to me† however Jane’s response was different from the typical families creating a sunse of unrealistic expectation of what a family should be. When Lester is in the shower, he is also confined within the small shower cubicle. It wasn’t until Lester reverted back to the consumption of pot that he starts challenging everyone, breaking away from the accumulating confinement. At this point Lester breaks away from the facade that he was unworthy, gaining independence. Caroline on the other hand is taken in by the desire for success. Even though Caroline had everything that the American dream states, she continues to long for more. This shows how the American Dream is continuously filled with wants and desires. When Lester and Caroline were alone in the living room Caroline gets distracted by Lester nearly spilling beer on the coach. Lester tells her â€Å"This isn’t life. This is just stuff. And this stuff has become more important to you than living. † Both Mendez and Steinbeck imply through their texts that The American Dream is merely a facade and an allusion that anyone can obtain. However, the selective nature of the dream restricts various people from pursuing this happiness.

Enhancing traffic police performance in Egypt Essay

Vision My vision is that of a public service (traffic police) with a performance culture, client-focused (Public) and results oriented (more organized economy) and to decide and examine its current performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, and according to the current performance situation, we will try to determine the factors that leads to this situation and also the means to recover or maintain such situation. Where are we now? Many pubic servants are unclear about what the overall objectives are and just what is expected of them. Just to concentrate on traffic police performance, lets first explain the meaning of performance. Job performance ( ) is measured as the quantity and quality of tasks accomplished by an individual or group. This definition urges us to know what factors determine individual performance. In answering this question, the following individual performance equation is a good starting point:- Performance = Ability x Support x Effort We have to handle each of the above three elements, to identify the current points of weakness and strength in traffic police performance and determine whether there is a current inefficiency and/or effectiveness or not. First: Ability Ability establishes an individual’s capacity to perform at a high level of accomplishment. By examining this factor on traffic police soldiers and representatives, we may find that many of them lake the appropriate and effective ability to work in police. I believe that many of them are doing their work in a careless way, a way that no one feels responsible toward his work. You can say they are working under pressure and stress of their superior, where, fear and expectation of punishment and insulation is the only dominate on their behavior which in return affect their performance, so they pretend that they are doing their work by checking the car, driving licenses and other traffic regulations but actually there is no concentration and no sense of responsibility control their performance. You can find the way police officers treat their soldiers or subordinates, you will find it a very aggressive way, also you can conclude the reflection of this treatment on their behavior, for sure this treatment has a negative effect on their behavior and attitude toward their work and they will continuously try to do their work in a manner that prevent their officers not to repeat such treatment. Second: Support Every one needs support, even if his work is of high performance, support can be represented in motivation, no stress, encouragement and the most important thing is the person’s feeling that he will be rewarded for this work performance. I would like to give an example for this:- â€Å"Once when I was waiting in traffic sign and before it turned green to pass, at that time I remembered that I have forgotten to lock the seat belt and I found a police representative coming to me to check my driving license and to charge me with a penalty which was EGP 50, I told him that I forgot to lock the seat belt and this was the first time but he pretended that he did not hear to me and started to write a penalty, at that time I hint to him that I will give him EGP 10, actually he caught the money in a certain manner that I am sure that he tried it many times in order not to be seen by his officer or any one else, then I passed by the car without any penalties.† Examples for this kind of behavior are many and actually they are common in traffic police stations as I am Manager of Tax dept. and Car pool section , my subordinates in car pool section who are responsible for making car licenses and its renewal usually come and told me that they pay bribe for the employee who handle the car’s file, the Engineer who make the inspection of the car, the person who is assigned to choose the car number and the metal board, and even the person who hang the metal board on the car. So no one work for his salary that he is being paid at the end of the month. That is what I intend to mean when I said that every one should feel that he is rewarded for his performance so that every one will try to do his best in order to be paid additional income or incentive or bonus to be encouraged to improve his effectiveness in his work. Also there is lack of technology, new technology must be founded in order to assist and support police officers to improve their work performance efficiency. I am sure that you will agree with me when I remembered you with the computer system used in the traffic police station, is it effective? Many times when I go to the traffic police station to renew my car license, I found that the computer system is out of order and I have to stay for an hour or half an hour till its being repaired. Third: Effort Any person should only work in the place he loves, so as to give it the maximum effort he can, this means that traffic police officers, representatives and soldiers as well must believe in the job they do and should recognize that they work in a so critical area that no exception, no cautions can be applied in its regulations. Once the person believes in that, he will exert as much effort as he can in order to perform effectively and efficiently. Through the above, do you determine now where we are? Using an expired license for two years, during which the traffic police checked it 6 times and returned it back without taking any regulatory procedure, for sure there is lake of ability as the police working while they are not working indeed so they are not effective, also there was lake of support as they are not feel satisfaction that they should be provided and supported by their work so that they are performing ineffective. Finally there was lake of effort as they do not believe in the objective of the work they do to exert effort for it so their performance is inefficient. What is expected in the future? I think that the first step in the improvement process is the selection of right people, as any organization’s success is ultimately determined by the quality of its workforce, the right people not only can execute the tasks needed to achieve the organization’s objective, they also are a product of and are motivated by the supporting people who provide clear regulations and instruction and maintain gentle relation and communication with the whole workforce, in addition to compensation and reward according to the work performance. The most important change that I hope to be effected in the future is the launch of new technology in the traffic police system, which I think it will reflect remarkable advancements in the efficiency and increased productivity to provide more traffic law enforcement with the same staff and at less inconvenience to the public. Virtual Partner: A Mobile technology Solution A new technology used by Delray Beach Police Department, Virtual Partner is an efficient, timesaving, easy-to-use application that increases efficiency and productivity in several areas. The software was designed and developed by those who stood to benefit the most from the technology, the police officers themselves. These officers, in their quest, exceeded the boundaries  of ordinary operations by developing a technology that has incredible output in terms of efficiency, adaptability, productivity, and ease, at nominal cost. The Virtual Partner application consists of four program components. The automated response system provides quick responses to queries made by officers to the National Criminal information Center (NCIC) and the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV). Ever mindful of officer safety, the developers included a voice response function that verbally relays information in response to queries entered by the officers. In terms of officer safety, Delray Beach feels the voice response capability was a major breakthrough. Using voice response, an officer can remain focused on the offender and the offender’s vehicle without looking at a computer screen, thereby increasing the officer’s safety and eliminating distractions. The voice response provides the officer with specific information needed such as tag and driver’s license status as well as color, make and model of the vehicle. The officers also customized the program to their needs so that it would eliminate unnecessary information and only relay pertinent information requested by the officers. The program confirms warrant hits by signaling the officer with an audible alert tone. The program verbally relays back case numbers, dispatch time, and other requests made by the officer, as well as gate codes to any of the secured gated-communities. The system is also equipped with a two dimensional barcode capability that reads the driver’s license information on licenses from other states that have a magnetic strip for so-called swipe capability. The information generated from any of these inquires can be automatically entered onto forms commonly used by police officers. The capability of the program continued to develop after the officers determined the utility and performance they needed from technology. Through their efforts, several components to the system have been engineered that unequivocally changed Delray Beach’s technology from a hindrance to an asset. Also it’s a very important tool needed to enhance the performance effectiveness of traffic police, Traffic Police organization should develop a quality control system for traffic information dissemination to the public. Currently, there is no organized way of monitoring the accuracy of information disseminated to the public. Development of a quality control system will require the following:- 1. Identification of all types of information being disseminated, the source of each type of information, and the means of dissemination. 2. Establishment of procedures for checking the accuracy of each type of information. 3. Establishment of policies regarding the frequency with which information is to be verified. 4. Identification of personnel to monitor information quality. The way by which the information is delivered to the public is very important to think of, and give it the priority, as people needs to aware of what they usually forget as a result of occupation in their life needs.

Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Essays

Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Essays Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Paper Literary Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Innocence Paper Is Religion Man Made? When you think of religion what do you think of? Are you a religious person? Do you not care much for religion? Have you ever thought of religion as an idea that the elites make up to suppress the people with horrible lives from revolting and do their job? This is what William Blake, author of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† in the Songs of Innocence, thinks of religion. This story shows how the symbolic order uses this idea of religion to keep the sweepers obedient. In the story, the chimney sweepers work tirelessly and they are extremely poor. They are the scum of society and are rejected by all kinds of people. The symbolic order gives them the idea that if they are obedient and do not speak out against what society has put them through, then they will go to heaven and have a much better life than the life they have now. In the story one of the chimney sweepers has a dream that an angel comes to him and tells him that if he is obedient then he will be in heaven and meet God. â€Å"And the angel told Tom, if hed be a good boy; Hed have God for his father, and never want joy† (Blake). The angel represents the Symbolic Order telling the children to stay obedient so that they can go to heaven. Society, especially the authority figures, tells the children these things so that they just do their jobs without any troubles. The fact that this is a dream implies that this isn’t real and that the elites in society just make up religion to quite the masses. The chimney sweepers use the ideas given to them by the Symbolic Order and use them to repress the fact that they have horrible lives. Instead of trying to get out of the situation they are in they just be obedient and do nothing more; this way they can meet God in heaven. â€Å"And so Tom awoke†¦Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm† (Blake). Even though Tom is just dreaming about going to heaven, he believes that he will if he is obedient. Instead of being miserable like normal, he is happy and warm because he has something to look forward to in the after-life. His ignorance towards the fact that it was just a dream gives him bliss even though his life is awful. The chimney sweepers have a fear of death because they are so willing to accept the idea of going to heaven after they die as long as they are obedient. They are afraid of dying considering the fact that they’re lives are terrible and they don’t want to die with such a bad life. If they have something to look forward to after they die, then they won’t be so afraid of dying; which is why religion helps them get over their fear of death. â€Å"So if all do their duty they need not fear harm† (Blake). As long as they do what they are told they will have no harm in the after-life. This is why Tom is depressed before the dream and after the dream Tom is happy and warm. This story shows how the symbolic order uses this idea of religion to keep the sweepers obedient. The chimney sweepers’ lives are as bad as can be but society gives them empty promises so that they can stay quiet and do their work. These ideas that the Symbolic Order gives help the sweepers get over their fear of death by giving them hope. It also helps them repress how bad their lives are. It takes their mind off of the fact they can try to change their lives. Overall the author is trying to convey that religion is just an idea made up by the Symbolic Order to repress people and keep them in line. Blake, William. The Chimney Sweeper.   Songs of Innocence. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. N. pag. Http://www. online-literature. com. Web. 17 Sept. 2012. online-literature. com/poe/628/.

The Roles of Queens, Drones and Worker Honey Bees

The Roles of Queens, Drones and Worker Honey Bees Honey bees are social creatures that enlist a caste system to accomplish the tasks that ensure the survival of the colony. Thousands of worker bees, all sterile females, assume responsibility for feeding, cleaning, nursing, and defending the group. Male drones live to mate with the queen, who is the only fertile female in the colony.   The Queen The queen bee is the dominant,  adult female bee that is the mother of most, if not all the bees in the hive. A future queen bees larva is selected by worker bees to be nourished with a protein-rich secretion known as royal  jelly so that it can sexually mature.   A newly hatched queen begins her life in a duel to the death with any other queens present in the colony and must destroy potential rivals that have not yet hatched. Once she accomplishes this, she takes her virgin mating flight. Throughout her life, she lays eggs and secretes a pheromone that keeps all other females in the colony sterile. Drones A drone is a male bee that is the product of an unfertilized egg. Drones have bigger eyes and lack stingers. They cannot help defend the hive and they  do not have the body parts to collect pollen or nectar, so they cannot contribute to feeding the community. The drones only job is to mate with the queen. Mating occurs in flight, which accounts for the need of the drones for better vision, which is provided by their large eyes. Should a drone succeed in mating, he soon dies because the penis and associated abdominal tissues are ripped from the drones body after sexual intercourse. In the fall in areas with colder winters, worker bees mind the food stores and prevent drones from entering the hive since they are no longer needed, effectively starving them to death. Workers Worker bees are female. They accomplish every chore unrelated to reproduction, which is left up to the queen bee. In their first days, workers tend to the queen. For the remainder of their short lives (just a single month), workers keep busy. Newly hatched worker bees are larvae, unable to feed themselves. Worker bees feed their larvae a liquid called worker jelly, and they eat as many as 800 times a day to build up fat stores. After eight or nine days, larval worker bees spin cocoons and enter the pupal stage. Three weeks later, fully-formed worker bees chew through their cocoons; just a few hours later theyre ready to go to work. There are many jobs for workers to do, such as preserving  honey, feeding drones, building the honeycomb, storing pollen, removing the dead, foraging for food and nectar, carrying in water, fanning the hive to maintain the proper temperature, and guarding the hive against invaders such as wasps. Worker bees also make the decision, when necessary, to relocate the colony in a swarm  and then rebuild the new nest. Maintaining proper temperature for the hive is crucial for the survival of the eggs and larvae. The brood chamber for the bees young must remain at a steady temperature to incubate the eggs. If it is too hot, the workers collect water and deposit it around the hive, then fan the air with their wings causing cooling by evaporation. If it is too cold, the worker bees cluster to generate body heat.

Critical Review to Listening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical Review to Listening - Essay Example The chapter explains various listening strategies which teachers can employ and adapt according to the requirements and characteristics of their class. The author has introduced very creative and innovative teaching methodologies, for instance music and films. The plentiful illustrations suited to different levels and skills make this book a practical teaching resource. Listening is categorized into extensive and intensive listening, both integral for becoming proficient in language. The author emphasizes that like extensive reading, extensive listening helps one to build up vocabulary, rectify grammatical errors and concentrate upon how others deliver words, thus improving their own pronunciation. Extensive listening adds an extra dimension to learning since it encourages students to learn outside the class from a wide variety of sources such as CDs, television, radios. Putting curriculum on oral media will revolutionize study methods and present an opportunity for laid back students who despise reading through lengthy course books to switch to listening. Moreover, when a teacher will exhibit trust by making students responsible for the oral study media, it will establish a bond between them. The more he accentuates the worth of extensive listening, the greater the number of students who will pay heed. A similar purpose would be accomplished by as signing tasks and welcoming feedback from their end. Intensive listening despite its numerous disadvantages is an imperative teaching strategy as it breaks the monotony of the conventional teaching methods and also because of the portability and availability of audio material. Although, the author advocates that replaying audio would enhance the confidence of students; however, we should bear in mind that there are no replays in reality so it s crucial to tutor them to extract relevant information from a single hearing. The methodologies enumerated to regulate audio speed

117 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

117 - Research Paper Example In fact, most research findings prove that Apple’s competitive advantage is in its ecosystem and not just the hardware and software prowess. Apple use Exclusivity Technique which works by making the selected customer subset feel like kings due to the premium offers it gives. Through this strategy, Apple has been in a position to create and sustain a unique customer relationship while reducing marketing costs at the same time. To make it effective, Apple deliberately restricted the flow of most of its products more so iPhone and tablets to a number of mobile phone providers and customers. While most firms use the marketing mix concept on the seller perspective, Apple applies it from the buyer’s perspective. This means that the company aims at delivery quality to ensure customer satisfaction, offer long-term solutions to customers, create what customers imagine and ensure convenience. Apple’s marketing mix is incorporated in the five Ps: Price, Place, Product, Promotion, and People. An integrated marketing communication approach is relied upon by the company to help it in achieving objectives linked to the marketing campaign by using a variety of promotional methods (Wernick p.34). The main components of IMC strategy are advertising, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion Apple Inc. puts a lot of emphasis on Research and Development (R&D) and marketing communication strategies. It does all these to make sure there is brand loyalty among customers who derive satisfaction from the Apple Inc. products. In a unique way, though one of the largest companies in the world, it has managed to run as a small company, which is the best strategy in surviving through difficult times. To make sure this is effective, the company relies on small but capable firms and shifts Brand Focus Apple where it capitalizes on the Minimalist approach to its

Battle of Thermopylae (c. 480BC) Research Paper

Battle of Thermopylae (c. 480BC) - Research Paper Example King Leonidas was held out with mere 300 hoplites and was against thousands of best Great King’s troops. The battle of Thermopylae was during the invasion of Persian between 480-479 BC. The battle was first and between the Greeks and Persians. The force of Greek was very minute and was very much determined to fight and stand against thousands of Persian army. In central Greece, association of Greek-states at the pass of Thermopylae fought with the invading Persians. Greeks were outnumbered but they fought and held back Persians for three days and is known as history’s one of the most famous last stands. King of Sparta Leonidas blocked the road which was the only road to pass by the massive force of Xerxes I of Persia. The 300 Spartans fought till the end but were all killed and they would have known in advance that they would be killed. The courage shown by the Sparta provided a sense of belief and inspiration to the Greeks1. Spartans were never afraid of enemies and th eir numbers. Opposing forces According to Herodotus, Greek city-states consisted of around more than 6,200 men who fought with Persian army and were totally outnumbered. Persian army was about 2,242,000+. Greek army included 300 Spartans, 1000 Phocians, 500 Tegeans, other Arcadians 1000 and others. But comparing with the Persian army it is very minimal and very small army force. Persian army included 500,000 fleet crew, 1,500,000 infantry, 320,000 Greek allied troops, etc. numbers are very large indeed. 300 Spartans who fought for Greek city were an elite group of Spartan hoplites2. Each man of 300 Spartans had a living son. And it is said that each of the 300 Spartans had someone to fight for. 300 elite Spartans were led by the king Leonidas. Strategic and tactical considerations of the Opposing forces The Spartans didn’t have many options. But the king of Sparta Leonidas decided to place scorched earth policy. Policy was placed so that Greeks went out and destroy all buildi ngs, livestock and grain and polluted the main water supply. And all the work was done before the arrival of Persians. When Persians arrived with their huge force at Thermopylae they had to rely on food which is being sent to them. They also found that they could not leave the land and that is not the situation to be in. The Greeks decided that they would make a stand at Thermopylae which is a narrow pass where northwest of Athens met at the sea. From the strategic point, Greeks have used best possible way to stop huge army of patricians. The Greek style of warfare was tactically suited in the pass at Thermopylae3. Leonidas used forces in a narrow pass so that Persians could not attack from flanks. The Greeks deployed in a phalanx. And this basically means Greeks stood in firm lines and used large shields to protect them. They stood firmly in lines and locked their shields together. They locked their shields so tight and close that there isn’t any gap between the shields for enemy to attack. Battle of Thermopylae First day The Phocians built a large ancient wall to stop raids from Thessaly. But it was destroyed and fallen apart. Leonidas went on to rebuild the wall and also send some local Greeks to protect the people who are rebuilding the wall. The Persians saw that rebuilding of the wall but were not concerned by the small force of Greeks. Persians

History Of The Spanish Inquisition Of The 15th Century Essay Example for Free

History Of The Spanish Inquisition Of The 15th Century Essay The Spanish Inquisition is usually synonymous with persecution, brutality and tyranny; and it is thought to be the forerunner of the covert regulatory bodies of contemporary autocracies. Yet how accurate is this picture of an establishment set up in the late 15th century to route out deviation and agnosticism in that land? This report aims to place the Spanish Inquisition in its correct historical context. BACKGROUND The conception of inquisitions to eliminate religious heretics was not new when, in 1478, Pope Sixtus IV sanctioned the formation of Spanish Inquisition. The monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, decided to establish a body (which began its work in 1480) chiefly to deal with the issue of the huge numbers of converted Jews (Conversos) who were alleged of continuing to carry out tenants of the Jewish religion after apparent conversion to Catholicism. Following the formal expulsion of all non-converted Jews from Spain in 1492, the problem of the Conversos increased. The roots of the Spanish Inquisition can therefore be traced quite clearly back to anti-Semitism. In 1518, the Inquisition became a permanently unified body under one head, the Inquisitor-General . Tomas de Torquemada was appointed by the Monarchs as Grand Inquisitor of the Inquisition. The Catholic Church, under the rule of the pope in Rome was a powerful force in Europe during the Middle ages. The decrees of the church provided the basis of law and order. Christians who disagreed with catholic principles were regarded as heretics, and heresy was considered an crime against the church and the state. The â€Å"inquiries† into a person’s faith to determine whether or not one was a heretic, was branded as the inquisition, with the inquisitors being priests or bishops who subjected a suspect to long grilling followed by terrible tortures. Death by fire was often the punishment of those who did not repent. The heretic’s property was then claimed by the church. Between 1478 and 1502, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon took three complementary decisions. They persuaded the pope to create the Inquisition; they expelled the Jews; and they forced the Muslims of the kingdom of Castile to convert to Catholicism. All these measures were designed to achieve the same end: the establishment of a united faith. The Christian, Muslims and Jewish communities existed tolerantly throughout the first centuries of Muslim domination and continued to do so in the Christian Spain of the 12th and 13th century. Tolerance presupposed an absence of discrimination against minorities and respect for the point of view of others. This tolerance was nowhere to be found in the Iberia of the 8th century to the 15th. Spanish archdeacon named Ferran Martinez was busy delivering a sequence of sermons in the diocese of Seville. It was his remarkable eloquence rather than the novelty of his subject which attracted an audience: for he spoke only on a single theme, one that in every age has provided an easy stalking horse for demagogues religious and civil- the iniquities of the Jews. Their veins had venom that poisoned whatever contribution they made. The Jews, he argued, had been guilty, as a body, of the greatest crime in history. They adhered to a faith that had been rejected in no uncertain manner by the Deity. Their ceremonies were outmoded and impious, rendered those who performed them capable of the most heinous misdoings and doomed them to eternal punishment in the hereafter . ORIGIN AND AIMS Jews weren’t newcomers in Spain. They had been settled there since the 1st century. Documentary and archaeological evidence demonstrates their numbers at the beginning of the fourth century, long before the coming of the Arabs or the Visigoths. The latter had persecuted them, but under the moors they had flourished as nowhere else in Europe. They were an important and influential minority. Every Spanish city had its prosperous juderia, or Jewish quarter, comprised of craftsmen and weavers, goldsmiths and carpenters . The Jews had been expelled from England in 1290 by Edward I En masse. His example had been followed in France sixteen later, by Philip the Fair. The Spanish Jews considered themselves secure from anything of the sort. The activities of Martinez disturbed them but didn’t alarm them. Month after month passed without any untoward occurrence. They fell into the error of imagining that nothing would happen. It came as a shock to them when at the close of 1390, just before Christmastide, Martinez succeeded in having some synagogues in the diocese partially destroyed and closed down, on the plea that they had been built without authorization. The community, alarmed, applied for protection to the council of regency then governing Castile in the name of the young king Henry III, which ordered steps to be taken for the protection of the petitioners. Martinez was defiant, however, and his sermons were as violent as ever. On Wednesday, March 15th, 1391 his harangue was particularly effective, and his audience was roused to a high pitch of frenzy. On its way from the church, a turbulent crowd, thirsting with zeal and greed, surged towards the Jewish quarter, which seemed to be in imminent danger of sack. The civil authorities were at last awakened to the necessity of stern measures. Seizing two of the most turbulent members of the mob, they had them flogged, turned them into martyrs overnight. After some further disturbances, order was outwardly restored: but the spirit of unrest still simmered and Martinez continued his unbridled invective from the pulpit. These seemingly unimportant disorders are to be traced some of the greatest tragedies in history – the darkest page in the dark record of the Jewish people, one of the saddest episodes in the history of human thought, and the ultimate decline of sprain from the high status to which her achievements and her genius entitled her – everything, in a word, which is associated with the term, â€Å"the Spanish Inquisition†. On June 6th, a storm broke out. An infuriated mob rushed upon the juderia of Seville and put it to sack. An orgy of carnage raged the city. The dead were numbered by the hundreds, if not by the thousand. Every ruffian in the city flaunted the finery sacked from Jewish houses, or boasted the ravishing of a Jewish maiden . Through some curious psychology of mass psychology, the infection spread from one city to the other, and throughout Spain onslaughts on the Jews became the order of the day. The fury raged that summer and autumn, and at several places the entire Jewish community was exterminated. At Cordova, the ancient Jewish quarter, where Moses Maimonides had first seen the light, was reduced to ashes. Toledo was witness to a similar horrifying carnage. 70 other towns in Castile were doomed to similar incidents of terror. In Aragon, in spite of measures put into force by the authorities to suppress the mayhem, the case was commonly adhered. In Valencia, within a few days, not a single professing Jew was left alive in the entire kingdom. In Barcelona, despite a half hearted protection given by the civic authorities, the whole community was wiped out. From Catalonia, the disorders spread to the Balearic Islands, where a massacre took place on August 2nd at Palma. Outbreaks were prevented only in the kingdom of Granada thanks to the efforts of the crown, in Portugal. Elsewhere in the peninsula, hardly a single community escaped. The total no of victims was estimated as many as 50,000 . The Inquisition did not begin in Spain, but did gather notoriety there. Shortly after commencement, the Spanish Inquisition was accused of numerous abuses. Accusations of heresy ran rampant, and innocent, faithful people were unjustly punished by public trials and condemnation. This usually took the form of strangulation or burning at the stake. The Inquisition, although vastly changed and more humane, remained a strong force in Spain until the early 19th century . By about 1750 the Inquisition had lost its power. It had been created to eradicate all traces of Semitism in Spain. The Jews had long been expelled and two and a half centuries of persecution had eventually eliminated the Judaisers. Yet the statues of blood purity still did not disappear; in fact, in the course of the eighteenth century, they tended to multiply. They no longer constituted a serious obstacle to a career in the Church, the official administration, or civic society. By the end of the eighteenth century, essentially the Inquisition was operating as a political policing force devoted to opposing the introduction of revolutionary and liberal ideas. By this time, it seemed to have softened its attitude. It no longer published edicts of faith encouraging the faithful spontaneously to denounce their neighbors and their relatives. Nor did it any longer torture its prisoners. CONCLUSION The Spanish Inquisition was one of the most powerful organizations used to eradicate heresy and safeguard the unanimity of Christendom. Begun in 1478, by 1512 the Inquisition was under review for a wide range of issues – from corruption, patronage and bribery. The Spanish Inquisition, first established under Queen Isabella was finally suppressed 356 years later under Queen Isabella II, leaving its mark in the annals of Western civilization. The onset of the Enlightenment slowed down the Inquisition. It, however, wasn’t until the Spanish invasion of Napoleon that the Inquisition finally came to an end in 1810, being completely abolished in 1836. It is estimated that more than 20,000 people were killed because of the Inquisition. Numerous more were subjected to torture and others had their possessions confiscated. John Paul II’s teachings are an ever present reminder of how to learn from history: â€Å" †¦we must take account of the complexity of the relationship between the subject who interprets and the object from the past which is interpreted†¦. Events or words of the past are, above all, â€Å"past. † As such they are not completely reducible to the framework of the present, but possess an objective density and complexity that prevent them from being ordered in a solely functional way for present interests. It is necessary, therefore, to approach them by means of an historical-critical investigation that aims at using all of the information available, with a view to a reconstruction of the environment, of the ways of thinking, of the conditions and the living dynamic in which those events and those words are placed, in order, in such a way, to ascertain the contents and the challenges that precisely in their diversity they propose to our present time . On 12 January 2000, to mark the Catholic Church’s Jubilee, Pope John Paul II issued a document entitled Memory and Reconciliation in which he asked for forgiveness for the errors of the Church over its 2,000 year history. ? BIBLIOGRAPHY Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition: An Historical Revision. London, 1997. John Paul II, Memory and Reconciliation, 2000. Finkelstein, Louis. 1970. The Jews: their history. New York: Schocken Books. Kohen, Elizabeth, Elias, Marie Louise. 2004. Spain. New York: Benchmark Books/Marshall Cavendish. Lea, Henry Charles. A History of the Inquisition of Spain. 4 vols. New York, 1906–1908. Lemieux, Simon. The Spanish Inquisition. History Review 7. 44 (2002): 44-49

THOMAS JEFFERSON :: Essays Papers

THOMAS JEFFERSON In the thick of party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, "I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man." This powerful advocate of liberty was born in 1743 in Albermarle County, Virginia, inheriting from his father, a planter and surveyor, some 5,000 acres of land, and from his mother, a Randolph, high social standing. He studied at the College of William and Mary, then read law. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton, a widow, and took her to live in his partly constructed mountaintop home, Monticello. Freckled and sandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent, but he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his pen rather than his voice to the patriot cause. As the "silent member" of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. In years following he labored to make its wor ds a reality in Virginia. Most notably, he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom, enacted in 1786. Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with Alexander Hamilton when Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Washington's Cabinet. He resigned in 1793. Sharp political conflict developed, and two separate parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans, began to form. Jefferson gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans, who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Attacking Federalist policies, he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed the rights of states. As a reluctant candidate for President in 1796, Jefferson came within three votes of election. Through a flaw in the Constitution, he became Vice President, although an opponent of President Adams. In 1800 the defect caused a more serious problem. Republican electors, attempting to name both a President and a Vice President from their own party, cast a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The House of Representatives settled the tie. Hamilton, disliking both Jefferson and Burr, nevertheless urged Jefferson's election. When Jefferson assumed the Presidency, the crisis in France had passed. He slashed Army and Navy expenditures, cut the budget, eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West, yet reduced the national debt by a third. He also sent a naval squadron to fight the Barbary pirates, who were harassing American commerce in the Mediterranean.

Online Requisition Essay

Introduction In the world of business, Information system is such where data are collected, classified and put into process interpreting the result thereon in order to provide an integrated series of information for further communicating and analyzing. In a progressively more spirited worldwide atmosphere, Information System plays the role as enabler and facilitator, which endows with tactical values to the officialdom and considerable step up to the excellence of administration. An Information System is a particular type of work system that uses information technology to detain, put on the air, store, retrieve, manipulate or display information. Information system enables companies to react, respond, cater, store, retrieve, disseminate, and control their new valuable asset that is information. In the years to come, a good information system within a company will be no longer an option; it will become a compulsory in determining success. Upgrading the computer information system is not an option in this technology-driven era; it is a requirement. Companies that use an up-to-date information system to gather, assimilate, and evaluate internal as well as external information are gaining competitive advantage over other firms. Management is quicker to cater to customer’s needs and complaints. With the growth of communication networks, there are almost no barriers between the firm’s management, employees, customers and suppliers. Networked computing systems have made new modes of work possible. Conceptual Framework of the Study Products and information Xammp MySQL The customers will input their information and serarch for products Xammp is the software used in this study. MySQL is the database used in this study. Online requisition material for gilmore computer solutions cabanatuan campus INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Figure 1.1 shows the customers will be able to search for products and services faster and easier. Figure 1.1 the Proposed Systemfor the Company Verification Statement of the Problem The proponents aim to present the general problem and specific problems 1. What are the advantages of the website in a business? 2. Does the website give accurate information about the company? 3. What are the possible problems that the website will encounter in the future in terms of: 4.1 record duplication 4.2 accessibility of the information 4.3 transaction Objective of the Study The reasons for this company to have a website are pretty obvious. Whether they sell products that appeal to a large audience or products that are hard to find, if those products can be delivered quickly to homes or other businesses, online availability is a great way to increase sales. These websites may either maintain their own shopping cart software or use a third party e-commerce service. If a business provides a service or products confined to a small, local market, they can advertise on the web very economically. At the same time, they can offer a great deal of helpful information about their company, products, services that might not be possible with more conventional types of advertising due to higher costs. Significance of the Study To the Customers: it will give the customers an idea where to buy computer parts and where to repair their computer. To the researchers: it will benefit us through applying what we have learned in this project. To the company: it will benefit the company in the way that the company will e introduced to other places, be more popular and it will ring them more customers. Scope and Delimitation The study focuses on the advantage of using Operational information system in a company. The study will be conducted in Gilmore Computer solutions, Cabanatuan City * Survey on the customers * Interviews on the employee and the manager Definition of Terms Information System – Information System is a combination of people, hardware, software, communication devices, network and data resources that processes (can be storing, retrieving, transforming information) data and information for a specific purpose. System – A system is a procedure, process, method or course of action designed to achieve a specific result. Data – Factual information, especially information organized for analysis or used to reason or make decisions. Officialdom – one who holds an office or position or an administrator, especially one who acts in a subordinate capacity for an institution such as a business. Retrieve – The act of bringing back a data. Disseminate – â€Å"scatter† or to â€Å"spread.† Its main usage is probably â€Å"to disseminate information.† Website – A set of interconnected webpage, usually including a homepage, generally located on the same server, and prepared and maintained as a collection of information by a person, group, or organization. Internet – a vast computer network linking smaller computer networks worldwide Workforce multiplier – make the work faster and more efficient. Shopping cart software – Typically, a shopping cart is the interface between a company’s web site and its deeper infrastructure, allowing consumers to select merchandise, review what they have selected; make necessary modifications or additions; and purchase the merchandise. Maintain – To keep the system working properly. Advertising – is the nonperson communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, devices or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media. The Proposal Gilmore computer solutions Cabanatuan City offers different kinds of services on computers. The store also sells high quality computers and parts of computers. Making a website for the store will make it more popular in many different areas. A website where customers can look and order for the store’s available products that they need for their computer.

An Overview of General Strain Theory Essay

In modern criminological research and debate, general strain theory (GST) remains at the forefront. The aim of this paper is to discuss general strain theory (GST), what it is, and how it came to be. Details on specific research regarding general strain theory, however, lie beyond the scope of this writing. This paper will instead focus on GST’s place among other criminological theories, and why it stands where it is today. Therefore, to get a proper perspective on this theory, it is prudent to begin with an overview on its origins. General strain theory sprang from the standard strain theory developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Agnew, 1992). Up until the wane of the 1960’s, strain theory had become the preeminent theory on deviance. As the 70’s rolled through, however, various differential-association theories, as well as social learning and social control theories, replaced strain theory and left it in near ignominy. There it remained, for the most part, until the rise of GST (Cole, 1975). But what, then, is strain theory? Stemming from the work of Émile Durkheim and Robert Merton, strain theory revolves around the concepts of anomie and, of course, strain. The central idea is that, while society in general may share common goals of self-sufficiency and wealth, the means to achieve those goals is limited by socioeconomic class. The disparity between what is expected and what is possible, and the resulting strain, leads to anomie, a state of normlessness, where the standard of conduct becomes skewed and self-regulatory values are rejected (Featherstone & Deflem, 2003). Strain is said to drive the deprived into following a life of deviance as a means to achieve otherwise impossible goals. An individual under strain might also replace those goals with something more readily achievable, such as â€Å"toughness† or â€Å"respect†. While there are variations on standard strain theory, they generally tend toward this central concept. As more and more research was conducted throughout the late 20th century, it became clear that, while strain theory could explain many types of crime, it couldn’t explain everything, such as why crime occurs within affluent circles where there is little strain of this type. Empirical support for traditional strain theory became weaker and weaker, and, as stated, it fell out of favor  by the 1970’s, replaced by theories that concentrated more on delinquency being a socially learned behavior. But not everyone disregarded the old theory. Throughout the 1980’s, young sociologist Robert Agnew wrote several papers discussing and critiquing traditional strain theory. One of his papers written in 1985 suggested a new take on strain theory, in which Agnew introduced blockage of pain-avoidance as an additional cause of strains leading to deviant behavior. These works showed that there could be other ways that strain can cause deviance, shedding hope for a newer, more encompassing brand of strain theory. At the start of the following decade, Robert Agnew’s studies finally culminated into a criminological milestone. In 1992, Robert Agnew published a detailed paper formally outlining the new â€Å"general strain theory† which, instead o f following the traditional focus on broader subculture perceptions and financial objectives, had an emphasis â€Å"on the individual and his or her immediate social environment†. This new theory expanded on the monetary goals outlined in strain theory to include personal goals in general, such as getting good grades or having many friends. Additionally, Agnew introduced the â€Å"removal of positively valued stimuli† as a type of strain, including the perception of unfairness originating from a lack of praise, or insufficient compensation for extra work. The third source of strain presented was the presence of negative stimuli such as child-abuse or similar stressful events. Interestingly enough, these three new facets of strain were inspired by research in fields outside traditional criminology, such as psychology and sociology (Agnew, 1992). Utilizing these new definitions of strain, Agnew could give a theoretical basis for many different types of crime, many more than was possible using traditional strain theory. An important aspect of Agnew’s theory was that he not only listed manners of strain but also outlined connections between various s trains, and the manners through which they might push an individual to delinquency, in new ways that allowed for greater empirical support than traditional strain theory had been able to obtain. Agnew’s work quickly captured the interests of the criminological community, and in the decades since its debut, general strain theory has continued to gain popularity across the world. Research continues to be performed on GST, and the results generally seem favorable for this relatively young theory (Sung Joon & Johnson, 2003). As data continues  to be gathered, general strain theory is continually refined and further defined, and Agnew still studies, modifies, and writes about his theory (Baron, 2007). Numerous studies taken all over the globe have given much additional support and expansion to GST throughout the years, but the full depth of GST’s applications has not yet been fully explored (Froggio & Agnew, 2007). Still, general strain theory has been used to explain many aspects of crime, such as terrorism, drug abuse, and differences in crime rates between social classes, between racial groups, and between genders (Agnew, 2010) (Kaufman, Rebellon, Thaxton, & Ag new, 2008). General strain theory has indeed gained much support, and can explain many aspects of crime, but, as Agnew himself noted, it does not account for strains caused through non-social means such as by accident or illness (1992). In its current state, GST is more of a framework for determining likelihoods of deviance rather than an explanation of when and how crimes may be committed (cite). These and other aspects will have to be accounted for and tested before GST can become a full alternative to other theories. Certainly, testing for such a broad spectrum of strains and responses as currently presented in general strain theory already presents a complicated challenge to the scientific community. There is some speculation that the current support shown for GST in many studies has been garnered using inaccurate testing methods (Froggio, 2007). There is also research that indicates that while strain may cause certain types of criminality, it is not directly responsible for any nonaggressive delinquency. In short, GST is still just an unproven theory, with much room for investigation and expansion. It certainly appears to possibly answer many issues on the nature of crime, but it requires much more research before any conclusions can be made about its veracity and about its potential. Agnew’s work revitalized a dying interest in strain and its impacts on deviant behavior. Time will tell whether this theory can live up to the praise it has garnered in these early stages. While its future seems bright, general strain theory for now remains merely a foundation for many future investigations and studies. References Agnew, R. (1985). A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency. Social Forces, 64(1), 151-167. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-87. Agnew, R. (2010). A general strain theory of terrorism. Theoretical Criminology, 14(2), 131-153. doi:10.1177/1362480609350163 Aseltine Jr., R. H., Gore, S., & Gordon, J. (2000). Life Stress, Anger and Anxiety, and Delinquency: An Empirical Test of General Strain Theory. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 41(3), 256-275. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Baron, S. W. (2007). Street Youth, Gender, Financial Strain, and Crime: Exploring Broidy and Agnew’s Extension to General Strain Theory. Deviant Behavior, 28(3), 273-302. doi:10.1080/01639620701233217 [Cole, Stephen. (1975). The Growth of Scientific Knowledge: Theories of Deviance as a Case Study. The Idea of Social Structure: Papers in Honor of Robert K. Merton, 175-220 edited by Lewis Coser. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.] Featherstone, R., & Deflem, M. (2003). Anomie and Strain: Context and Consequences of Merton’s Two Theories. Sociological In quiry, 73(4), 471-489. doi:10.1111/1475-682X.00067 Froggio, G. (2007). Strain and Juvenile Delinquency: A Critical Review of Agnew’s General Strain Theory. Journal of Loss & Trauma, 12(4), 383-418. doi:10.1080/15325020701249363 Froggio, G., & Agnew, R. (2007). The relationship between crime and â€Å"objective† versus â€Å"subjective† strains. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(1), 81-87. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.11.017 Kaufman, J. M., Rebellon, C. J., Thaxton, S., & Agnew, R. (2008). A General Strain Theory of Racial Differences in Criminal Offending.Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology (Australian Academic Press), 41(3), 421-437. doi:10.1375/acri.41.3.421 Sung Joon, J., & Johnson, B. R. (2003). Strain, Negative Emotions, and Deviant Coping Among African Americans: A Test of General Strain Theory. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(1), 79. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.